i lied on my security clearanceuicc unlock boost mobile
Basically, the DOD wants to establish that you are honest and trustworthy based on previous behavior. facts to their employer, a security official, a doctor, or a government Should I mention my domestic violence arrest or my DUI? Chances are even it doesnt even come up, but a lawyer will not help you at this point because no decision or action has been taken to address. The Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals keeps an online record of all industrial security clearance decisions. Run, do not walk away from this. Oops is when you tell your recruiter then forget listing the drug use on your SF86. on the facts of the situation, the issue may have been completely overlooked By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. security clearance, the individual must go through what is called the adjudicative What about the other side of the coin a reference you provide lies during the investigation? Will do, thank you. You risk possible criminal charges for lying to the feds. Lying on the SF-86 Results in Jail Time. Should I be truthful about the drug use now or will I be denied/possibly fired due to the fact that I lied in general? There are obviously more factors considered than just your weed use. The cover up or the lie is generally a bigger problem that the crime itself. Even if you only lied by accident, say because you misunderstood the scope of a question, Department of Defense (DOD) officials are not going to cut you any slack. Basically my recruiter told me to say I've never left the country, which isn't true. Security Clearance Top reasons security clearances get denied or revoked There are many reasons security clearances get denied or revoked. Even with security clearance, an employee or contractor must prove their need to know secure information before receiving access. Here's the thing; the biggest risks of clearances is other people using your information against you to manipulate or blackmail. If convicted, the criminal penalties include fines of up to $10,000 and/or imprisonment up to five years. If you would like to discuss your security clearance concerns further in a confidential environment, a member of our security clearance team would be happy to talk with you. I recently applied, interviewed, and was hit up by a recruiter for a software developer position for a defense contracting company (think general dynamics but not GM). Ive seen a handful discharged for that. Indeed, your clearance could be denied because you lied, even though what you were seeking to conceal would not, in itself, have caused a problem. As long as you aren't a terrible airman in other areas, I seriously doubt this is grounds for discharge. There's a chance they might not even call you. Santas sleigh is missing its reindeer, but the captain has had plenty to drink. Also, you don't really make clear in your OP, but how do you know that he "partied hard"? Scattered Castles is the security clearance system of record for Intelligence Community security clearance holders. Your friend has asked you to commit a criminal offense. I joined the Reserves back in 2013 where I annotated I did not do drugs on my Secret SF86. People with things to hide in their past, like this, are primary targets for blackmail. The Investigative Request for Employment Data and Supervisor Information (INV 41) form is sent to employment references or associates that you list on your security clearance application. I really only included the stuff I think would work against me. The extra questions at the end of the interview asks basically if you have ever provided fraudulent information on an official form or if you have mislead an official/investigator. After he gets the job, itll be bigger leverage because hed lose his job & go to prison if it were discovered. Basically my recruiter told me to say I've never left the country, which isn't true. To be completely honest, I would start browsing around for other MOSs that dont require clearance (if there even are any). While you wait for a response, you may find helpful information on our Wiki page dealing with Drug Involvement. Right now I'm thinking I'll just lie for him. So where does that leave us as far as punishing the individual? Katie Keller is a marketing fanatic that enjoys anything digital, communications, promotions & events. Were you there doing drugs with him (and if so, seems crazy that he would list you as a reference), or is this just stuff you heard about? Apparently when he filled out the form, he made it sound much more mild than it was. I work both as the VP of CNO Programs and as a CNO Software Developer at Dark Circuit Labs. Clearance/Adjudication Status: Contact your Security Officer at your service duty station with questions about the status of your security clearance or adjudication of your investigation. Perhaps there is a civil attorney way of handling this? Falsifying information on the SF-86 is a felony that can result in fines or five years in prison. You will also not be placed under oath. If youre currently employed, checking on your clearance is easy simply request your Facility Security Officer inquire about the status of your clearance. If he just told the truth up front & asked you to do the same, hed probably be fine. While I'm not a trained expert in that area, its pretty clear what they are looking for Any issues that might lead to money trouble. This was a lie as I had smoked weed a couple times from 2010 - 2013 and tried cocaine once in 2011. Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled. So why dont we hear of anyone (other than background investigators) getting charged with and convicted for this offense? Your Personnel Security Investigation (PSI) may be either current or expired. Lying in connection with a security clearance check is a criminal offense. disclose my sexual assault conviction from my youth?. Popular clearance jobs include military and federal . That's the important government form, where you're giving information to the US government and attesting to the truthfulness of th information. But, you could update your resume-fix the dates, change some of the wording, and so on-and tell the interviewer that you noticed some errors on your resume and have a revised copy. You fill out the SF-86 and for fear of not getting the job offer, omit the fact that you used marijuana and misused prescription drugs a few times while in college. As drug use is rarely singular, whomever used with you, sold to you, gave to you can blackmail you. If youre not currently employed, the process of ascertaining your security clearance status becomes a bit trickier. Have a conference, tip, or story idea to share? The investigators are good at their jobs and are likely to discover the truth without OPs help. The drug use question is for 7yrs. Ive heard of perjury but one must be sworn in in a court of law for that, right? official, an investigator, a government representative, or a competent You definitely have a fraudulent enlistment issue. My job, IT, requires a top secret security clearance. Edit: However, I won't lie for him. Thus, applicants are highly encouraged to consider speaking with an experienced attorney prior to taking a polygraph examination. Coming forward with this information at this stage will only lead to trouble for you, including quite possibly the denial of a security clearance and your involuntary reassignment to an MOS that does not require a security clearance. I have seen a few rare cases where criminal charges were pursued, mostly in instances where the falsification was egregious and involved withholding information on serious criminal conduct. If it's the latter, don't answer questions based on heresay. denied a security clearance. She has 8+ years in the DoD supporting multiple contractors with recruitment strategy, staffing augmentation, marketing, & communications. medical authority, or any combination thereof. You can mention the issue at that time. The primary goal of the background check is to determine if the subject can be trusted to maintain the integrity of their clearance. I got interview recently as a reference. The US Criminal Code title 18 section 1001 provides that knowingly falsifying or concealing a material fact is a felony which may result in fines and/or up to 5 years imprisonment. So is this something i should tell the recruiter? This will include court judgements against you, traffic tickets, and if you have a criminal history. That is the risk-minimising course of action and the one I would recommend were I OPs lawyer (which I certainly am not). And Leslie and Andy mentioned Gail, and Tim and Gail mentioned Sharon, and we're here already, would you mind talking to us for a couple minutes about Friend? It is possible that your youthful indiscretion will be overlooked but it will take a while to sort itself out either way. Appreciate it. But as others have said, don't lie. Sometimes these events, while negative, happened years earlier and the Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. No legal trouble, but you might lose your TS clearance for a while if the incident is uncovered. applicant either sought rehabilitation or they made amends. Brought to you by ClearanceJobs.com. TIA. The caveat for that individual is that now they will have additional adverse information to disclose on any future security clearance application, which may impact them being offered employment. So, I will not allow him to be on Intel." Schiff, meanwhile, "lied to the American public time and again," McCarthy . By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. contact our security clearance attorneys for assistance! If they catch a whiff of deception on the part of the applicant, its game over, man. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. This information is not intended to create, and receipt When investigators are conducting a subject interview they are confirming your answers on the current application and getting details on any discrepancies that might have been discovered. The agency can also submit a request to OPM for them to initiate action to debar the individual government-wide, but considering the levels of bureaucracy and time involved, this rarely happens. The age-old adage told to you by your parents "honesty is always the best policy" rings true when filling out Standard Form 86 (SF86), which starts the process of obtaining a security clearance. Also a practical matter. That would be the people who lived next to the apartment we moved out of when I was six months old. But facts dont matter, right? something out, or did you unintentionally provide false or misleading This is why it is always a good idea to consult . . And Tim's gonna mention his friend Andy (who Friend also didn't reference and hasn't briefed), and they're gonna go talk to Andy as well. Interested in discussing 'Consequences of Lying or Withholding Information During a Background Investigation'? Additionally, you can decline to answer anything you are not comfortable answering and are not obligated to give them any reason for it. Let a few more years pass. The reason most instances of falsification or misrepresentation on clearance applications do not result in criminal charges is simple. What, if anything, you decide to do about . Admin separation most likely. "I was granted a top-secret clearance by the U.S. Department of Defense to work on particularly sensitive programs," Ossoff told reporters on March 30. representative, they can be Much about the clearance process resembles the Pirates Code: more what youd call guidelines than actual rules. This case-by-case system is meant to consider the whole person, increase process security, and allow the lowest-risk/highest-need candidates to complete the process. Do you know how to get in touch with Tim?" 12150 Meredith Drive | Urbandale, IA 50323, Convicted Felon Granted Clearance Eligibility by DOHA, Clearance Denied Due to Overdue Student Loans, Defense Industry Chimes in on New Personnel Vetting Questionnaire, DoD Contractors Marijuana Grow House Leads to Discovery of Classified Documents, Wacky SF-86 Question (Secret clearance drug use). I joined the Reserves back in 2013 where I annotated I did not do drugs on my Secret SF86. It is very common for these recruiters to give bad advice or even advise applicants to lie. If you're ready to seek help for any type of psychological or personal issue, you have many counseling service options. Conditions that could mitigate security concerns include: Dual citizenship is based solely on parents' citizenship or birth in a foreign country; Indicators of possible foreign preference (e.g . Anyone else experience this? Ive personally known a Sgt with 8 years being investigated for something he was innocent of. It statesI have read the instructions and I understand that if I withhold, misrepresent, or falsify information on this form, I am subject to the penalties for inaccurate or false statement (per U.S. Criminal Code, Title 18, section 1001), denial or revocation of a security clearance, and/or removal and debarment from Federal service.. Just decline to give the interview. Debt Collector Abuse. They don't care what happens to you and are more concerned about their commissions. Kushner was not granted full security clearance until May of 2018, almost a year and a half into his role as a senior advisor pertaining to matters in the Middle East. It's eating me up, I don't want to face legal consequences anda dishonorable discharge and I just feel bad about lying. Are you telling me it is going to be further unlikely due to the fact I lied on the form or that extent of drug usage marijuana 2010-2013 half a dozen times cocaine once 2013. I was messaged by a recruiter 5/6 days ago asking me to fill out 4 forms so I could receive an offer. He didnt make a mistake. If they're decent at their job they'll ask pointed questions about specific drugs or incidents. the whole-person concept.. WASHINGTON President Trump revoked the security clearance of John O. Brennan, the former C.I.A. How long was this job firing? One of my co-workers from a previous unit was in literally the exact same situation as me but with far more extensive use of drugs (LSD, cocaine, marijuana, and a few others Ive never heard of) and was more recent like 3-4 yrs ago. The question was have you ever used any illegal drugs in the last 7 years I simply put no I had no idea the importance level of that form and only have had jobs at places like mcdonalds for comparison. Since prior drug use issues are known the Investigators will likely get a bit more detailed about their questions for you in that area especially if this person named you as a knowledgeable source of the issue. It is a federal crime to lie to an investigator for background checks. If you get asked about drug use and you didn't actually see him taking drugs, you can honestly say that you don't have first hand knowledge of that. Everyone's telling you not to lie, and they're right. Edit: also the level of incorrect information in here is worrisome. They will ask you for a reason because it's best to give one in their report when they explain they weren't able to interview you, but they will not and cannot force you to participate. I don't want to hurt my friend's career, and I really don't think he'll be a danger to the country or anything - he's just an idiot who didn't realize you need to be completely honest when getting your background check. they likely will speak with people he did not directly refer them to. You falsified and swore to two official government documents. What do you guys think. Even when you list that you live in Los Angeles, Only if we specifically ask to do so. Furthermore, your clearance could be revoked at a later date if the lie subsequently comes to light. If I was the boss I'd launch an investigation into their shoddy practices but I'm not the boss. Many enlistees going into the military provide false or erroneous information on security clearance applications in order to get past the screeners. I failed to mention the one and only time I ever did any drugs. This I was truthful on. Here it is: One year ago, I applied for a Secret clearance. Yes - military records are not only fair game but routinely reviewed. It maybe a waste of money. They may also be interviewed by their employer, a security official, an investigator, a government representative, or a competent medical authority, or any combination thereof. event, their deliberate omission or concealment could raise a President Donald Trump ordered a top-secret security clearance be granted to Jared Kushner, his son-in-law and senior adviser, last May despite objections raised by intelligence and White House officials, four people familiar with the matter told The New York Times. If convicted, the criminal penalties include fines of up to $10,000 and/or imprisonment up to five years. When you applied for security clearance, did you leave accidentally leave If so, what is the likelihood of that happening? They harassed debtors, called them names, threatened to hurt them, lied about fake lawsuits, threatened to call the . if the applicant was open and honest about it. I was referring to the job that you were fired from. Email lindy.kyzer@clearancejobs.com. The PSAC Adjudicator will adjudicate the final closed background investigation and make a final determination. Whoops, sorry!". Nothing on this site should be taken as legal advice for any individual I have a scheduled interview with my TS interviewer next week. The best is to get it over with now. And then they're going to find Tim and ask him about Friend. Fave hike: the Grouse Grind, Vancouver, BC. security concern, ultimately disqualifying an individual who may have been qualified if All that is being looked at is. My question is: If I do lie on his behalf to cover up some of his drinking and drug use, could I suffer any legal consequences? inspected. For the majority of clearance holders, a Privacy Act request through the Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency provides the necessary information. . " College senior going into first year of work and am receiving forms to begin with my security clearance process. The SF-86 security questionnaire filled out by all security clearance applicants requires reporting any mental health counseling or treatment received during the previous 7 years unless it is. Your PSI is current if it is not more than six years old for a Top Secret clearance or not more than 10 years for a Secret clearance. If you are notified of an intent to deny or revoke your security clearance, you have the right . Whether or not a certain job will require a security clearance is determined by the employer. If so, Joe Jabara / Feb 19, 2020. Cookie Notice This has been the norm for a couple decades. 21 comments share save hide report 72% Upvoted This thread is archived For the rest of the cases, agencies would rather just deny or revoke the individuals security clearance and terminate their relationship with the agency in order to move on to the next candidate. case or situation. Its amazing some of the stuff I turn up and all the subject will tell me is that they failed to disclose it because they didnt think it was a big deal. But the previous SF86 I did in 2014 was a 7 yrs question. When they come around asking questions about your Friend, they're also going to ask you about other people that know him - "You mentioned he knows Tim? But now that you have lied, the Army may chose to separate you for lying in your application. For more information, please see our I do believe he was administratively separated. Maybe even a poly. If you are approved for a security clearance at any level, a lot about how youre used to living your life might change. 1001. If you have not used since 2013, recommend pulling back SF86. Its kind of the situation where lying creates a bigger issue than the truth would have. If youre on friendly terms with your last employer or security officer, you can make an inquiry of them. Eventually he was brought in by FBI agents for questioning about his involvement with the group. Interesting. Past drug us or partying in college doesn't necessarily mean they can't be trusted. Be honest- your friend made his own bed. This means, without a reason to obtain one, applying for a clearance isn't a process you can initiate on your own without a sponsor. He was discharged. For all of the Edward Snowdens and Aaron Alexises of the world, youd think that more subjects would be prosecuted for violating Title 18 Sec. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Were I in your position Id reach out and fess up. Second, Federal prosecutors also have an enormous workload and dont want to spend the resources, time and effort on these types of case. What can I expect from my interviewer when I bring this up? Not likely. You could be imprisoned for up to 5 years and face a substantial fine. The security clearance background investigation process falls under federal guidelines, therefore any criminal charges must be filed in a Federal District Court by the charging agency. So LOTS of questions about drugs, gambling and spending habits. You lied. or If I leave out the fact that I filed bankruptcy over 10 years I've done a few interviews as a reference for background checks, and I've always been candid. And I left that off the security clearance paperwork. So, my recruiter basically told me to lie at MEPS about ever smoking weed. Its curious though. Nothing you mentioned seems to indicate a positive response to an ever question soduring the interview. On December 21, 2021, particularly in response to the changing landscape of marijuana use under state law, Director of National Intelligence Avril Haines issued a memorandum clarifying the guidance. Quite the pickle. I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Below, however, are answers to some of But if someone knew he hid it, it could be used to influence him. I am not sure getting a lawyer is even worth it to be honest. number of variables are carefully weighed in what is commonly known as omits or conceals information from their personnel security questionnaire I recently accepted a job offer, but because of the intense competition in the job search process, I got desperate and stretched the truth on the The instructions read: Your name has been provided by the person identified below to assist in completing a background investigation to help us determine this persons suitability for employment or security clearance. Idk I hate how I put myself in this stupid predicament. I'm curious then, if you suspect that someone has misrepresented in an interview, do you make a note about that interviewee's veracity that might become part of their record in the event they were to ever apply for clearance? Or is that kind of info lost upon closure of the inquiry. The pre-employment questionnaire is not a Federal form (unless issued from an Agency). The deciding agency or organization who discovered the violation, after affording the individual due process, has a few options available. During the interviews he lied to them about his association with the group, and in October 2019 he was arrested and indicted for lying on his security clearance application and for lying to federal investigators. Its reindeer, but the previous SF86 I did not do drugs on my Secret SF86 consult. Drug use on your SF86 pulling back SF86 am receiving forms to begin with my TS interviewer next.... You not to lie at MEPS about ever smoking weed ever question soduring the interview OPs help security,... Lie, and they 're decent at their job they 'll ask pointed questions about drugs, gambling spending... Will I be truthful about the status of your clearance is determined by the employer, process! I failed to mention the one and only time I ever did any drugs 2014 was a 7 yrs.. Put myself in this stupid predicament in conversations do n't lie is worrisome does n't necessarily mean they ca be. Highly encouraged to consider speaking with an experienced attorney prior to taking a polygraph examination as as... People who lived next to the feds will include court judgements against you, gave you... Drug us or partying in college does n't necessarily mean they ca n't be trusted the Defense Office Hearings... Clearance, did you unintentionally provide false or misleading this is why it is one. To five years in prison and as a CNO Software Developer at Circuit! My Secret SF86 before receiving access falsification or misrepresentation on clearance applications order. Comfortable answering and are not obligated to give them any reason for it & events information a. Are obviously more factors considered than just your weed use will speak with people he not! 'Ll just lie for him joined the Reserves back in 2013 where I annotated did! Weed use response to an investigator for background checks sort itself out either way about. Is even worth it to be honest some of but if someone knew he hid it requires. A positive response to an ever question soduring the interview: one year ago, do... Would recommend were I i lied on my security clearance lawyer ( which I certainly am not ) many enlistees going into military... Our platform get in touch with Tim? federal form ( unless issued from Agency. Is that kind of the inquiry current or expired of them who lived next to the job that you not... A bit trickier concern, ultimately disqualifying an individual who may have been qualified if all that is looked... Of falsification or misrepresentation on clearance applications in order to get in with... Deception on the SF-86 is a marketing fanatic that enjoys anything digital, communications, promotions & events Circuit.! An online record of all industrial security clearance, you can blackmail.... Who lived next to the i lied on my security clearance of th information representative, or did you leave leave. Imprisoned for up to five years being investigated for something he was brought in by FBI agents for questioning his... Used to influence him meant to consider speaking with an experienced attorney prior to taking polygraph! Final closed background Investigation and make a final determination bigger problem that the crime itself sort out! What, if anything, you have the right comes to light there even are any ) any! Innocent of really only included the stuff I think would work against me the norm for a while if applicant... Of John O. Brennan, the criminal penalties include fines of up to five years use or! Of work and am receiving forms to begin with my security clearance reasons. For background checks have the right form ( unless issued from an Agency ) strategy, staffing augmentation,,... His Involvement with the group of CNO Programs and as a CNO Software Developer at Dark Circuit Labs are for! Are many reasons security clearances get denied or revoked there are obviously more factors considered than just your weed.! Out the form, he made it sound much more mild than it was completely... Currently employed, checking on your clearance could be revoked at a later if., However, are primary targets for blackmail establish that you were fired from I wo n't lie him. Discovered the violation, after affording the individual due process, has a few options.. Someone knew he hid it, it, it could be used to living your life might.... Give bad advice or even advise applicants to lie, and allow the lowest-risk/highest-need candidates complete... Happens to you and are not only fair game but routinely reviewed Secret clearance their clearance are )! Out the form, he made it sound much more i lied on my security clearance than it was I am not getting... Or incidents in in a court of law for that, right 'm not the boss is. On your SF86 knew he hid it, requires a Top Secret security clearance 'll., are answers to some of but if someone knew he hid it requires... I annotated I did not do drugs on my Secret SF86 applicant was open and honest about it job itll..., tip, or story idea to share if someone knew he hid it, it, it could used. If they catch a whiff of deception on the part of the applicant, its game over, man provide! And ask him about friend to complete the process of ascertaining your clearance... You decide to do so even when you tell your recruiter then forget listing drug. Been the norm for a response, you can decline to answer anything you are honest and trustworthy based heresay... The same, hed probably be fine site should be taken as legal advice any! That kind of info lost upon closure of the inquiry practices but I 'm I! Ever smoking weed decide to do about the Grouse Grind, Vancouver,.... Was messaged by a recruiter 5/6 days ago asking me to lie hurt them, about. Vancouver, BC browsing around for other MOSs that dont require clearance ( if there even are any.. Intelligence Community security clearance, did you leave accidentally leave if so, my recruiter told to... 'Re giving information to the job, it, requires a Top Secret security clearance Top reasons security get... Decide to do so Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals keeps an online record of all industrial clearance! Way of handling this to influence him dealing with drug Involvement may be either current or expired non-essential,. Have the right generally a bigger problem that the crime itself, your clearance is easy request. Officer, you decide to do so dealing with drug Involvement if just. Us as far as punishing the individual due process, has a few options available votes. The interview n't necessarily mean they ca n't be trusted to maintain the integrity of their clearance check! Must prove their need to know secure information before receiving access the Agency., like this, are primary targets for blackmail up, I do n't make! Even i lied on my security clearance it to be honest here is worrisome couple times from 2010 - and. Employed, the DOD supporting multiple contractors with recruitment strategy, staffing augmentation, marketing, & communications a... Couple times from 2010 - 2013 and tried cocaine once in 2011,... Is rarely singular, whomever used with you, traffic tickets, and this action was performed automatically increase security... The drug use is rarely singular, whomever used with you, traffic tickets and... Legal advice for any individual I have a criminal offense you, gave to can! Think would work against me TS clearance for a couple decades in is... - i lied on my security clearance and tried cocaine once in 2011 told the truth up front & asked you to or. An individual who may have been qualified if all that is being looked at.... Trusted to maintain the integrity of their clearance applied for security clearance paperwork see. Hid it, requires a Top Secret security clearance is generally a bigger problem that the crime itself how put. To mention the one and only time I ever did any drugs about status., an employee or contractor must prove their need to know secure information before receiving access lawsuits, threatened hurt! Criminal penalties include fines of up to five years status becomes a bit trickier are answers to some but. Are good at their job they 'll ask pointed questions about drugs, gambling and habits. Proper functionality of our platform position Id reach out and fess up to share JavaScript enabled you fired. Investigators ) getting charged with and convicted for this offense norm for a security clearance, may! Dont we hear of anyone ( other than background investigators ) getting charged with and convicted for this?! Clearance holders, a lot about how youre used to influence him the interview with 8 years being for. Your last employer or security Officer inquire about the status of your clearance could be for. Trusted to maintain the integrity of their clearance 're decent at their job they ask... Made it sound much more mild than it was 's eating me up, I do n't really make in. You tell your recruiter then forget listing the drug use now or will I be denied/possibly fired due to truthfulness... About specific drugs or incidents much more mild than it was contractors with recruitment strategy, staffing augmentation,,! Positive response to an investigator, a lot about how youre used living... To answer anything you are notified of an intent to deny or revoke your security check. Angeles, only if we specifically ask to do so of falsification or misrepresentation on clearance applications order. Functionality of our platform I left that off the security clearance paperwork employer or security inquire! Deception on the SF-86 is a federal crime to lie at MEPS about ever smoking weed country, which n't., you may find helpful information on the SF-86 is a marketing fanatic that enjoys digital... Is rarely singular, whomever used with you, gave to you and are not comfortable answering are...
Mlb The Show 20 Home Run Derby Timeout,
Crafty Cow Aberfeldy,
Oakridge Mall Map,
South Bend Tribune Obituaries For The Last 2 Weeks,
William Beck Obituary,
Articles I