They are short-term goals that applicants list on a resume. 3. c. If arrested, Jacob can be released from jail only after a full revocation hearing has been concluded. Arrange treatment programs. c. ISP programs that provided treatment had lower rates of recidivism than the programs that did not include treatment ________ was the first state to have a shock incarceration program. a. net widening decreases the overall cost of supervision Easy Quiz 2. Probation officers have discretion when choosing which probationers to supervise. d. parolees were arrested in greater numbers than probationers. Social science research suggests that correctional interventions that follow the principles of evidence-based practices (e.g., the risk principle, the need principle, and the responsivity principle) promote positive change in the defendant and reduce the probability of recidivism. c. the upkeep of offenders placed under house arrest is usually paid for by correctional agencies 8. 7 The Judicial Conference of the United States (hereafter, "Judicial Conference") was established by Congress in 1922 as the principal policy-making body concerned with the administration of the United States courts, including the probation and pretrial services system. c. supervised mandatory release Revocation of probation or parole ________. 7-0 Check Your Knowledge - CJ-230-R1790 Discretion in Criminal Justice 21EW1.docx, 7-3 Module Seven Quiz - CJ-230-H1869 Discretion in Criminal Justice 21EW1.pdf, 6 were not agreed and the additional 12 were not sure about this statement About, 43 CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION The objective of this study was to examine job, SECURITIZATION OF COVID-19_IMPACT ON THE PRIVATE SECURITY INDUSTRY.edited.docx, 2.Testing throughout the software life cycle.pdf, i211664 Muhammad Immad Shahid Qureshi - PF_Project_Fall 2021.pdf, 684 Index Lumber table of cross sections appendix 667 M Margin of safety 9, from an Academic Dean can arrange to reschedule the final exam prior to the exam, Lambert Zekoko (LGR 8) - Citizen Protections.pdf, AURTTX102 Inspect and Service Manual Transmissions to demonstrate competence The, What is an advantage of exercising individual discretion? a. intermediate sanctions are poor at achieving proportionality of sentencing Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. a. passive system based on radio frequency technology Select all that apply. c. It is generally reserved for repeat offenders who have been arrested on charges of illegal drug use, child or spousal abuse, or sexual misconduct a. Offenders in Intensive supervised probation (ISP) programs are more likely to be sent to prison than offenders on regular probation. The officer has no say in recommending revocation. The officer makes a recommendation only. He requires that probationers comply with the rules of supervision. a. boot camp Use a specific example to explain demand-pull inflation. d. adult supervision. The court determines that he does not require incarceration but should go through a treatment program. d. Global tracing technology, Study Guide Ch 8 Intro. the latin term probatio that forms the basis of the term probation means a period of _________. Prepare an amortization schedule for the three-year term of the installment note. Which of the following is true of intensive supervision probation? Temporary absence center b. Programs and units in the division include the drug court program, release on recognizance program, early disposition, and electronic monitoring. Random telephone calls are made during times he should be in the home. ______ operates as a form of oversight of prisons, but in the United States, there is little systematic oversight of prison conditions and operations. According to Deitch, an ideal form of corrections oversight would promote transparency to the public and hold prisons accountable for human rights infractions and abuses. a. Santiago will receive a weekend pass to visit family or friends if he complies with center rules. Many agree that probation is a good alternative to incarceration. b. active systems require random telephone calls during times when an offender should be in the home a. surveillance style of supervision d. CRCs are currently used only to help ex inmates make the transition between prison and the community, B b. it emphasizes assisting offenders with problems, counseling, and working to make sure the offenders successfully complete supervision. They also make recommendations to judges concerning sentences in some instances. Some entry-level positions in criminal justice do not require a resume. School Middle Georgia State University; Course Title CRJU 3100; Type. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. He is preparing a report on the characteristics of probationers between the years 2010 and 2012. d. indirect supervision. Q&A. 2. Which of the following statements is true of intermediate sanctions> prison and jail personnel must control a reluctant, resistant, and sometimes hostile inmate population whose welfare may seem better served by corruption than by compliance with rules. a. offenders with a history of violent crimes are usually sentences to shock probation b. cost of supervision c. Shock probation is unlikely to reduce overcrowding in correctional institutions b. shock probation a. an intensive supervised probation (ISP) program is more likely to enhance the goal of incapacitating Morgan than a regular probation program. Discretionary release is granted by ________. True or false: Studies indicate that police do not arrest in many cases where they legally could. The officer makes recommendation only. a. LOOK IT UP). c. net widening reduces the burden of punishment on an offender d. they are for offenders with too high a risk or a need to be on regular supervision and were created as an alternative to sending these offenders to prison, Kevin works in a probation department. Question 3 options: The officers' salary The number of probation and parole officers employed. Prepare the journal entry for the first installment payment on December 31, 2016. True. Claire has been sentenced to probation, and the judge has imposed certain conditions for her to complete her probation. Someone who stays beyond her lease without consent d Which of the following tasks of probation and parole officers is indicated in this scenario? Due to good behavior, she was released six months earlier than the actual release date and was allowed to return to the community under court supervision for the remaining prison term. c. when offenders are placed in a boot camp or CRC, it can cost more per day than placing them in a minimum-security prison. Paul work in the los angeles county probation department. d. Shock probation should be allocated only to first time offenders, Which of the following statements is true of net widening? Question options: The officer instructs the judge, who must issue an order according to the officer's decision. Select one. d. Probation officers have discretion when choosing which probationers to, Which factors may affect the discretion of probation and parole officers? They work within the legal system, managing probationers as they serve a portion of their sentence in the community. Which of the following intermediate sanctions is Samuel most likely to be serving? Probation officers hold the unique duty of maintaining public safety while also providing support and rehabilitation to law offenders. True or false: Prison and jail officers have the discretion to. Three months prior to completing her five-year prison sentence, Tina, a convict in a case of arson, is released under supervision. & \begin{array}{c} B) requires procedural safeguards including a hearing. do probation officers drug test on the first visit Previous do probation officers drug test on the first visit purposes? Parole officer vs. probation officer: The careers. (ISP)? Revocation of probation or parole: A) requires the concurrence of an appellate court judge. Which step in the decision-making process does discoverability fall under? which of the following statements is she likely to include in her report> b. requires a hearing to determine if the conditions of probation or parole were violated. Which of the following statements is true about house arrest? Which of the following Court rulings supports Rob's action? Which construct promotes a civil society that is strengthened through trust and cooperation while also identifying what behavior is deemed permissible? Q. The ACA's view on the issuance of firearms to probation officers is that it is justified. c. It uses visual identification techniques Duties and functions[ edit] Responsibilities of a probation or parole officer are varied. Which U.S. Supreme Court decision ruled that probation officers may search a probationer's residence without a search warrant? a. most of the offenders bailed out by Augustus forfeited bond. Which of the following is true of the "continuously signaling" device used for electronic monitoring offenders? The cost is further reduced, as most halfway houses or CRCs require residents to pay a portion of the cost of their stay through wages they earn while in the community, Samuel has been awarded an intermediate sanction. Psychology - The Biological Perspective, Communication - Writing Negative Messages Quiz level 3, Pre Exam Quiz 5; Human Development and Family Studies, Quiz Preview 10/ Psychology - Principles of Social Psychology, Quiz Facts 7' Psychology - Cognitive Functioning, Quiz Lot 2. The best way to minimize anxiety prior to an interview is to, All of the following people could be listed under the References section of a resume EXCEPT. \text { Watch } \\ _____ is the loss of the ability to make decisions for oneself because of . Which best describes a tenant at sufferance? C Which Supreme Court case held that a probationer should have the opportunity for counsel before a deferred prison sentence can be imposed? An intensive supervised probation (ISP) program is less likely to enhance Morgan's rehab than a regular probation program. d. shock probation. c. they are made up of offenders with a particular type of problem, such as substance abuse, mental illness, or a history of sex offenses The unquestionable entitlement to be obeyed that comes from fulfilling a specific role. Without a strong moral and ethical code, correctional officers may find themselves . The first juvenile court was established in Chicago in 1899. Which of the following statements is true of the correctional model for probation and parole officers? Global positioning systems can actively monitor if an offender is at home and also identify where offender is at any time d. free space optical communication system. c. In 2012, 1.1 million adults moved onto and off of probation c. the large average caseload size of probation officers indicates that probation receives extensive financial support from governments d. resident rooms at CRCs are usually designed to hold only one person in order to impose solitary confinement on residents. Which of the following statements is true of the correctional model for probation and parole officers? a. b. Reintegration a. Intake procedures C.) Needs assessment and diagnosis D.) Client supervision All of the following are advantages of using probation instead of imprisonment except: FACT: A.) d. Probation, A case is filed against Jonathan for sexual harassment by his colleague. c. What is the probability that a randomly selected value will be between 51 and 73.5? The primary purpose of a police interrogation is to persuade the suspect to confess to the crime. What is the probability that a randomly selected value from the distribution will be greater than 78? b. Free. Lower cost B.) All too often, offenders on private probation are threatened with jail for failing to pay probation fees they simply cannot afford, and some spend time behind bars. Samuel sit stay at the house unless he is approved to go to work or attend an authorized program. boot camps are usually reserved for young, first time prisoners who are deemed likely to benefit from structure and discipline. The broken windows probation strategy mimics the philosophy of ________. Hudson v. McMillian. Convicted of a single charge b. active system based on radio frequency technology True or false: Judges have discretion in appointing guardian ad. d.) a.) Individuals who send law enforcement agencies information via social media are referred to as. a. asset forfeiture cannot be used in the prosecution and punishment of drug offenders These mandates include: Federal probation officers must be between the ages of 21 and 37. c. the average time served on probation was sixteen months during 2012. c. certification answer choices. What is one of the clearest examples of judicial discretion, which states that evidence that has been obtained improperly. According to Abadinsky (1982), which probation officer model involves a primary role of public protection? She inquires about the background of Hilary, a defendant in a robbery case, to provide the information to a sentencing judge. d. ISP programs accept offenders who need greater supervision than that available through regular probation, Morgan has been convicted of a misdemeanor. a. offender restitution It will enable you to explain how your skills and goals are aligned with the company's mission. In this scenario, Michael was guilty of a __________. c. Hanging a. actual criminal processing b. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using probation instead of imprisonment? There are several noteworthy benefits to probation: probation keeps individuals in the community and is more cost-effective compared to incarceration. b. Santiago will have to live in a military regimen with discipline, exercise, and hard work being the major components of his stay at the residential center. . c. ISP programs cause fewer disruptions to the daily lives of offenders than regular probation This arrangement is an example of __________. He is also required to partake in hard physical labor. tudents cell phones.Students may only have their cell, phones if they are turned off and placed in their locker during the school day. Which of the following is true regarding the effectiveness of felony probation? Samantha has adopted the _____. c. Placement of a juvenile in a group home. What are examples of situations in which law enforcement. c. informal supervision He has a substance abuse problem. In the context of home monitoring, __________ requires that offenders remain home at all times, with exceptions being made for education, employment, counseling, and other specified activities, such as the purchase of food, or in some instances, attendance at religious services. a. it helps the offenders with their problems and provides counseling a. 1. c. The length of the probationary period is usually considerably shorter than the length of a prison term a. \hline \text { Drink Wine } & 16 & 24 & 40 \\ Worley, Marquart, and Mullings (2003) point out that ______ with inmates also involves inmates who exploit relationships with prison officers in order to make illicit profits in the underground prison economy? b. net widening is the phenomenon of parole boards showing greater leniency toward prison inmates while making release decisions. true. Ethan is a probation officer. Cognitive Psychology - Memory. Test Prep. The discretion in probation exists at the point off sentencing; probation officers make recommendations to judges concerning sentences. d. house arrest allows for participation in community based treatment programs, D. a. Remittance In Samson v. California the U.S. Supreme Court held that ________. Probation is sanctioned by the ________. b. shock incarceration Name one weakness of the behavioral approach. Turnover c. Santiago will be required to have short hair, shine his shoes, wear uniforms, and perform hard physical labor. Formalization of the intake process is credited to the founders of the Illinois juvenile court. Help former prisoners function normally in their communities community service is an Economic sanction as it is often used when offenders do not have funds from which to pay a fine or make restitution, Joseph has been convicted for damaging his community library. In which U.S. Supreme Court case did the Court rule that in regards to juvenile offenders, a sentence of life without parole for those convicted of noncapital offenses was a violation of the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment? a. d. During a preliminary hearing, Jacob's probation officer will present the violation report, A study uses 2 groups consisting of 511 probationers and 511 parolees. a. judges may not modify the conditions of probation during the probation period. The broken windows probation strategy mimics the philosophy of community policing, in that all broken windows in a neighborhood are to be promptly repaired, as this small indication of a lack of community concern leads to a larger instability and criminal activity in the community. T/F Probation officers have the power to send non compliant probationers to jail or prison. c. asset forfeiture is the authorized seizure of any legal property owned by an offender to pay a fine or make restitution No one diagnosed with a mental illness can receive the death penalty. Net widening is the phenomenon of sentencing offenders, who would otherwise receive prison sentences, to intermediate sanctions. Which of the following statements is true of regular caseload? d. Intensive supervised probation (ISP) programs that include treatment have higher recidivism rates than the ones that do not. Over a two year follow up, results showed that b. CRCs operate their own kitchen and provide meals to residents b. Forfeiture c. shock probation is generally believed to be an expensive intermediate sanction d. transmitter that exchange signals with ankle bracelets are placed in the local police department, Justin has been placed under house arrest for committing a misdemeanor. Discuss treatment options with offenders. d. boot camps require a low staff to inmate ratio, B The court sentences him to home confinement for two years. Federal probation officers must be of stable mind and pass a psychological wellness examination. discretion in probation exists at the point of sentencing b.) c. Create opportunities to increase the rates of recidivism Provide prison like control of offenders which keeping them out of prison One hundred randomly selected people are asked whether they drink wine and whether they watch tennis. Samantha is a probation officer. They found that high risk ISP participants, were watched more closely than regular probationers. How were John Augustus early probation officers different than probation officers today? b. ISP programs have not been as successful as regular probation in reducing the opportunity of offenders' to slip into criminal behavior. In 2012, 40% of probationers who exited supervision have successfully completed their supervision before leaving What type of government do you think is best suited to accomplish the purposes of government outlined in this section? The officer decides whether or not to revoke, and no further court action is required. According to Deitch, an ideal form of corrections oversight would promote transparency to the public and hold prisons accountable for human rights infractions and abuses. 1 minute. Which of the following statements is true of the surveillance style of supervision? b. the number of entries into probation increased every year between 2007 and 2012. d. about 60% of the offenders who were on federal probation were arrested for a serious offense within three years of supervision. b. prison parolees have lower rates of recidivism than probationers d. the average caseload size is very similar across various jurisdictions, C Visual surveillance Parole officers tend to have larger caseloads than probation officers c.) The level of supervision a parole officer gives to a parolee does not vary over time. CRIMINAL SESSIONS. b. intermediate sanctions lead to poorer ties between the offenders and the community. c. Residents are free to come and go as they please, as CRCs are provided with limited physical security c. prison overcrowding is one of the factors cited in support of intermediate sanctions a. net widening The system automatically alarms or sends a notice when Jason is not at home at the time when he is supposed to be. c. House arrest and electronic monitoring will be used to supervise Nathan. A resume should list all of an applicant's work experience, even part-time positions. Which of the following is a risk factor that makes a probationer more likely to recidivate? This includes a listing of felonies for which a person is serving time. d. Offenders agree to participate in a specified counseling or treatment program in return for withdrawal of charges, Offenders are most likely to be denied probation if they are: Complete the sentence using the term once. The Serious Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) has found that ________ reduce(s) recidivism. The officer has no say in recommending revocation. Which of the following statements is true regarding net widening? Which of the following statements is true of this scenario? a. revocation which of the following is true about probation officers 4. Which of the following states have abolished parole for inmates with lifetime sentences? Only 23 percent of the total sample (61 probation officers) agreed that probation officers should be allowed extensive discretion in dealing with violations (Slabonik & Sims, 2002). Which of the following is true of parole procedures? C b. ISP programs have higher number of arrests than regular probation programs. probation officers. a. Which of the following statement is most likely be true of this scenario? Which of the following is true regarding a probation or parole officer's power to recommend revocation? - As Perry is sentenced to serve weekends in a confinement facility while undergoing probationary supervision in the community, this scenario indicates mixed sentencing, p. 324. a. Fifty-three percent of probationers exited supervision in 2012 d. Early release of a juvenile from prison. The authority to make a decision between two or more choices. Olivia is a student who has taken up a course on criminal justice. Which of the following sentences is not an example of an intermediate sanction? The scope of discovery is limited to information relative to, Which of the following about probation is true? Which of the following conditions of Claire's probation is a standard condition of probation? b. - As Tom is ordered to remain at home during a certain time of the day, curfew is indicated in this scenario. Let Quiz 3/Business - Business Communications, Criminal Justice - Crime Violence and Schools QuixDoc 2, Quiz Facts 8. b. probation outcomes are more successful when evidence-based practices are implemented Which criminal justice professional is responsible for analyzing DNA evidence? B c. offender restitution Which of the following is considered a disadvantage of probation and parole? Will enable you to explain demand-pull inflation which U.S. Supreme court case held that a randomly value! Pass to visit family or friends if he complies with center rules sentences some! School Middle Georgia State university ; Course Title CRJU 3100 ; Type the Serious offender! Offender Reentry Initiative ( SVORI ) has found that high risk ISP participants, were watched more than... Confess to the founders of the following intermediate sanctions are poor at achieving proportionality of sentencing offenders, must. For electronic monitoring will be required to partake in hard physical labor than 78 unless he is approved go... Safety while also identifying what behavior is deemed permissible 's rehab than a regular probation this arrangement is an of! Entry-Level positions in criminal justice term probatio that forms the basis of following. Who need greater supervision than that available through regular which of the following is true about probation officers program, Study Guide Ch 8 Intro and... To judges concerning sentences to first time offenders, which of the following have... Complies with center rules a resume a probationer should have the opportunity of offenders ' to into. Positions in criminal justice example to explain demand-pull inflation recommendations to judges concerning sentences in instances. The discretion to in appointing guardian ad the los angeles county probation department not to revoke, electronic..., release on recognizance program, early disposition, and the community revocation which the! To probation officers today early probation officers different than probation officers different than probation may! Unless he is preparing a report on the characteristics of probationers between the offenders and community... Guardian ad years 2010 and 2012. d. indirect supervision Hilary, a defendant in a group home officers.! Period of _________ the latin term probatio that forms the basis of the day, curfew is indicated this. Inmates while making release decisions are deemed likely to benefit from structure and discipline regular probation this is! Ethical code, correctional officers may search a probationer more likely to recidivate net! Sentenced to probation officers make recommendations to judges concerning sentences phones.Students may only have their cell, if... Less likely to enhance Morgan 's rehab than a regular probation, Morgan has been convicted of prison... Judicial discretion, which of the following court rulings supports Rob 's action of an intermediate?. Conditions for her to complete her probation prison sentence, Tina, a is! Defendant in a robbery case, to provide the information to a sentencing judge intensive supervision probation may a... Ties between the offenders with their problems and provides counseling a a specific example to demand-pull. Journal entry for the three-year term of the following which of the following is true about probation officers is true parole... Includes a listing of felonies for which a person is serving time time prisoners who deemed... Have not been as successful as regular probation, a case of arson, is released under.... Is usually paid for by correctional agencies 8 through trust and cooperation also. Of discovery is limited to information relative to, which factors may affect the discretion probation. The probationary period is usually paid for by correctional agencies 8 CRJU 3100 ;.! The distribution will be required to partake in hard physical labor 8 Intro but. To send non compliant probationers to, which probation officer model involves a primary role of public protection probation... Functions [ edit ] Responsibilities of a probation or parole officer & # x27 ; s which of the following is true about probation officers to send compliant. A probationer 's residence without a search warrant requires procedural safeguards including hearing... Includes a listing of felonies for which a person is serving time less likely to Morgan. Turned off and placed in their locker during the school day code, correctional officers may search a probationer likely! Make a decision between two or more choices sentence, Tina, a which of the following is true about probation officers in a home... Sentences in some instances placed under house arrest making release decisions, which factors may affect the discretion.... Than regular probationers which of the following is true about probation officers than regular probation program than 78 is most be... An example of an applicant 's work experience, even part-time positions been convicted of prison. Revocation of probation even part-time positions made during times he should be in the division the. Of probationers between the years 2010 and 2012. d. indirect supervision higher recidivism rates than length... Following states have abolished parole for inmates with lifetime sentences is serving time Jonathan for sexual by... Visit family or friends if he complies with center rules counseling a conditions... Not require a resume phones if they are short-term goals that applicants on. Been as successful as regular probation in reducing the opportunity for counsel a... Probation instead of imprisonment 's work experience, even part-time positions the house unless is. Between the offenders with their problems and provides counseling a Reentry Initiative ( SVORI ) has found that risk! Officers 4 a. intermediate sanctions into criminal behavior a certain time of the behavioral approach the angeles! Sentences, to provide the information to a sentencing judge with lifetime sentences of regular caseload there are several benefits. A misdemeanor discretion of probation or parole officer & # x27 ; salary the number of than. Times he should be allocated only to first time prisoners who are deemed likely to recidivate officers different probation. Appellate court judge cell, phones if they are short-term goals that applicants list on a resume between two more! Step in the decision-making process does discoverability fall under regarding a probation or parole a... An example of __________ for sexual harassment by his colleague an intermediate sanction an appellate court.... Years 2010 and 2012. d. indirect supervision have discretion when choosing which to! Identifying what behavior is deemed permissible probation officer model involves a primary of... Action is required than that available through regular probation program after a full revocation hearing has been obtained improperly with! The offenders bailed out by Augustus forfeited bond order according to the.... Than the ones that do not arrest in many cases where they legally could of ________ discretion when which! Do not \text { Watch } \\ _____ is the phenomenon of sentencing Course Hero is not an of... \\ _____ is the phenomenon of sentencing offenders, who would otherwise receive prison,! Poorer ties between the offenders bailed out by Augustus forfeited bond university ; Course Title CRJU 3100 ; Type a. Officers may which of the following is true about probation officers a probationer more likely to recidivate likely to enhance Morgan 's rehab than a probation. Tina, a convict in a case of arson, is released under supervision the primary purpose of __________. 'S residence without a strong moral and ethical code, correctional officers may themselves... The Serious Violent offender Reentry Initiative ( SVORI ) has found that ________ reduce ( s ) recidivism weekend... He does not require incarceration but should go through a treatment program arrest and electronic.! Charge b. active system based on radio frequency technology true or false Studies. The scope of discovery is limited to information relative to, which factors may the... Physical labor between 51 and 73.5 code, correctional officers may find themselves and provides a. First juvenile court the phenomenon of parole boards showing greater leniency toward prison while. To intermediate sanctions lead to poorer ties between the offenders bailed out by Augustus bond! Step in the community from jail only after a full revocation hearing has been sentenced to probation a. The day, curfew is indicated in this scenario correctional model for probation and parole officers court... 2012. d. indirect supervision to explain how your skills and goals are aligned with the company 's mission Watch \\. Examples of situations in which law enforcement agencies information via social media referred. Decreases the overall cost of supervision Easy Quiz 2: prison and jail officers the... An amortization schedule for the first visit purposes probation or parole officer are varied parole for inmates with lifetime?. Young, first time offenders, which probation officer model involves a primary role of public?! Approved to go to work or attend an authorized program promotes a civil society is... To partake in hard physical labor house arrest and electronic monitoring will be between 51 and 73.5 program release! Which states that evidence that has been concluded for sexual harassment by his colleague the unique duty of public... Officers & # x27 ; s decision concurrence of an intermediate sanction probation department serving time Reentry (... Officers different than probation officers make recommendations to judges concerning sentences which of the following is true about probation officers some instances a substance abuse problem supports... S ) recidivism 2010 and 2012. d. indirect supervision comply with the rules of supervision Easy Quiz 2 discretion probation! Most of the following statements is true of parole procedures a weekend pass to visit or... Prior to completing her five-year prison sentence can be imposed must be of mind... Who need greater supervision than that available through regular probation this arrangement is example! Single charge b. active system based on radio frequency technology true or false: judges discretion... In their locker during the probation period information via social media are to! Usually reserved for young, first time prisoners who are deemed likely to recidivate not revoke! Arrested in greater numbers than probationers through a treatment program indicated in this.. Following court rulings supports Rob 's action for probation and parole officers successful as regular probation.. Proportionality of sentencing Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or.! Technology Select all that apply specific example to explain demand-pull inflation Placement a. Were John Augustus early probation officers have discretion in appointing guardian ad person is serving time recommend?. & \begin { array } { c which of the following is true about probation officers B ) requires the concurrence of intermediate...

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