The An Lushan Rebellion The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang Dynasty of China. [35], Despite their cooperation in posthumously accusing Li Linfu, a rivalry soon developed between An and Yang Guozhong, as An did not fear Yang Guozhong the way he did Li Linfu. The An Shi Rebellion is regarded as the beginning of the downfall of the Tang dynasty. While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. 1976. Yang Guozhong, instead, entered into an alliance with Geshu against An. Kangju) and Bukhara (). Okay something I do not get about it. At that time, Tang aristocrats no longer favored military careers, and the Tang dynasty relied on foreign-born generals to occupy major military commands. Led by General An Lushan, the He captured the eastern capital city of Loyang (Luoyang), declared himself Emperor of the new Great Yan dynasty (), and launched the An Shi Rebellion (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: n Sh Zh Lun). | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Contact Us. Despite concluding in the unconditional surrender of the Axis to the Allies, tensions did not abate; instead, the emergence of the United States and Soviet Union as rival superpowers merely provided the foundations for the half-century Cold War that was to follow. The Russian Civil War was so bloody, in fact, that it holds the dubious world-record highest death toll from a civil war by Guinness World Records. [15] His father died early, and his mother Lady Ashide married a Turkic general An Yanyan (), who was a brother of the general An Bozhi (). China spans five geographical time zones and borders 14 different countries, the second most Note that this is an estimate made by western observers. Marching on the city of Cholula, the second largest in Mesoamerica and the center of the Aztec religion, Corts was welcomed as a guest. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion between the Tang Dynasty and the self-proclaimed Yan Dynasty of China resulted in the deaths of between 13,000,000 and 36,000,000 people. Referensi [ sunting | sunting In 741, when the deputy chief imperial censor Zhang Lizhen () was sent to survey the Hebei (, i.e., the region north of the Yellow River) and visited Pinglu Army, An ingratiated himself with Zhang, so much so that he even bribed Zhang's servants. He retained Gao Shang (), Yan Zhuang (), Zhang Tongru (), and Sun Xiaozhe () as his strategists; and Shi Siming, An Shouzhong (), Li Guiren (), Cai Xide (), Niu Tingjie (), Xiang Runrong (), Li Tingwang (), Cui Qianyou (), Yin Ziqi (), He Qiannian (), Wu Lingxun (), Neng Yuanhao (), Tian Chengsi, Tian Qianzhen (), and Ashina Chengqing () as his generals. Where do we find this stuff? Before the revolt, estimates put the population within the city walls at from 800,0001,000,000. At this point, there was a new Tang Emperor: Li Heng, or Emperor Suzong. WebPemberontakan ini juga dikenal sebagai Pemberontakan Tianbao (). The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on 17 February 763 (although the effects lasted past this). Feng joined forces with Gao and urged a retreat to Tong Pass; Gao agreed, and they took up defensive positions there, and An did not proceed quickly, but remained at Luoyang, planning to declare himself emperor there. Pretty much anything involving "worlds deadliest" will have taken place in China. This type of conduct led to rumors of an inappropriate relationship between Yang and An Lushan. The An Lushan rebellion was one of them. Even Yan Zhuang and Li Zhu'er were said to be hit frequently. By this time, it was clear that the new dynasty would be short-lived, and generals and soldiers alike began to defect to the Tang army. The Wikimedia Commons. Matsui, Hitoshi (Japan). On another occasion, when Emperor Xuanzong's son Li Heng the Crown Prince was in audience, he refused to bow to Li Heng, stating, "I am a barbarian, and I do not understand formal ceremony. [36], In winter 755, An launched his rebellion on 16 December,[38] claiming he had received a secret edict from Emperor Xuanzong to advance on Chang'an to remove Yang. Emperor Xuanzong responded, "He is the reserve emperor. Xuanzong, the Tang emperor also known as Ming Huan (enlghtened emperor), reigned from 713-756 and was patron to Wang Wei, Li Bo, and Du Fu. The Battle of Anqing (1861), by Wu Youru (c. 1886). The long-term Italy. Wikimedia Commons. An Lushan rose through the ranks of the Tang-dynasty Wikimedia Commons. It was in many ways your standard, textbook peasant uprising resulting from all the usual markers of a dynastic decline: famine, natural catastrophe, burdensome taxation, eunuch corruption, and what have you. 1978. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a major societal disturbance and turmoil which took place in China during the Tang Dynasty from December 16, 755 to February 17, 763 (although the Yang Guozhong later accused Wei of bribing An's associate Ji Wen (), and Wei and Ji were both demoted. The power of the jiedushi, or provincial military governors, increased greatly after imperial troops crushed the rebels, taking administrative power away from the scholar-officials. [15], An was arrogant toward other officials, including Consort Yang's second cousin Yang Guozhong. At An's request, Emperor Xuanzong allowed him to award his soldiers with high ranks without first receiving imperial approval. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty , with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. An Lushan (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: n Lshn) (703 - 757) was a military leader of Turkic-Sogdian origin during the Tang Dynasty in China. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. In the interim years, the Mongols, under the leadership of gedei Khan, invaded Eastern Europe, defeating Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Russia, and Serbia, in addition to solidifying control over the Middle East after the sack of Baghdad in 1258. There, An Lushan declared himself Emperor of the new Great Yan dynasty (), and launched the An Shi Rebellion (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: n Sh Zh Lun), also known as the Tianbao Rebellion (), because An Lushan started it in the fourteenth year of that namesake era. This event is also An reported this to Emperor Xuanzong, who ordered a retesting before him personally. An Lushan, Wade-Giles romanization An Lu-shan, original surname Kang, imperial name Xiongwu, (born 703, Yingzhou [now Chaoyang, Liaoning province], WebGREAT TANG POETS: DU FU (721-770)China during Du Fu's Time:The An Lushan Rebellion. The Tang dynasty began with the victorious An Qingxu was then killed by a subordinate, general Shi Siming, who soon afterwards recaptured the city of Luoyang. [32], An often pleased Emperor Xuanzong by offering Emperor Xuanzong tributes of rare items, such as rare animals or jewels. An subsequently submitted a petition on their behalf, claiming that the accusations from Yang Guozhong were false, but Emperor Xuanzong took no actions against either An or Yang Guozhong.[36]. Late Yuan Warfare & Transition to Ming Dynasty (Death Toll Estimate: 30 Million) 12. Censuses taken in the half-century before the rebellion show a gradual increase in population, with the last census undertaken before the rebellion, that of 755, recording a population of 52,919,309 in 8,914,709 taxpaying households. WebThe Anshi Rebellion (Template:Zh-cp) occurred in China, during the Tang Dynasty, from 756 to 763.It is also known as the Tianbao Rebellion (), because An Lushan At An's request, Emperor Xuanzong also gave him the governorship of Hedong Circuit (, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi), in addition to Pinglu and Fanyang. Allegations of An's bribes to Fu also reached the Emperor, who then had Fu executed, and sent another eunuch, Feng Shenwei () to Fanyang to again summon An Lushan, who ignored the summons. [35], In 753, with Li Linfu's death and replacement by Yang Guozhong, Yang Guozhong, intending to posthumously dishonor Li Linfu, had An Lushan corroborate his accusations that Li Linfu was involved in Li Xianzhong's rebellion. The war had few set battles, but this did not stop the Dungan Revolt from becoming one of historys most genocidal conflicts. By 1877, in Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia, two million Hui Muslims were dead while roughly six million Han had also been killed. These deaths represented almost 50 percent of the entire population of the three provinces. Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and Atrocities Before the 20th Century, Chinese History - Political History of the Tang Dynasty, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=An_Lushan&oldid=1054297, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. In the spring of 755, matters were coming to a head. Thereafter, on one occasion, he bowed to Consort Yang first before bowing to Emperor Xuanzong, stating, "Barbarians bow to mothers first before fathers." Mamden chiri-rekishi kenkyu hokoku 1 (1915). Some Tang officials north of the Yellow River resisted An Lushan under the leadership of Yan Zhenqing, the governor of Pingyuan Commandery (, roughly modern Dezhou, Shandong). Later, Zhang promoted him to be a military officer. His sheer weight once crushed to death a horse[43] and he needed three servants to help him to put on and take off his clothes when he visited Huaqing Pool. He created An Qingxu the Prince of Jin and another son, An Qinghe (), the Prince of Zheng. On the night of 29 January 757,[3] with Yan and An Qingxu watching outside, Li Zhu'er took a sword into the palace and attacked An Lushan. Roman Republic vs. Samnites. The rebellion of An Lushan (703-757), in Chinese known as the "rebellion of An [Lushan] and Shi [Siming]" ( An Shi zhi luan Morton, W. Scott, and Charlton M. Lewis. Matsui 1981. The An Shi Rebellion is regarded by most Chinese historians as the turning point in the Tang Dynasty's fortunes. The rebellion had the biggest death toll compared to the population of the time in all recorded history not even the mongols could surpass that but my question why it was so big that it surpassed the mongol in death toll compared to world population? Wars of Alexander the Great. [14] In 742, Xuanzong further promoted Pinglu Army to be a military circuit, making An its military governor (jiedushi). This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people,[37] making it one of the deadliest wars in history. An agreed, and subsequently, with further corroboration from Li Linfu's son-in-law Yang Qixuan (), Li Linfu was posthumously dishonored, and his family members were exiled. An Lushan was of Sogdian and Gktrk origin,[5][6][7][8][9][10] at least by adoption. An subsequently returned to Fanyang. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. By the spring of 763 the Yan were defeated and driven from the capital;. I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. Zhang, seeing that he had a large body and impressed by his plea, released him and had him serve as a police officer, along with Shi, and both of them were said to be capable at catching criminals. JavaScript is disabled. Hoyos, Wiley-Blackwell (2011), England under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075-1225, R. Bartlett, in New Oxford History of England, J.M. The time of the Three Kingdoms is widely regarded as one of, if not the, bloodiest in Chinese history. Rebellious general An Lushan declared a rivaling Yan Dynasty. taking charge of the affairs of the northeastern frontier and overseeing the Khitan, Xi, Balhae, etc. Chinese territory increased enormously and the The An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace 10. Which is 36 million deaths but I can't find a figure for global population of Earth at the time. [29] His name has also been transcribed as lushn ()[14] or Ylushn (),[15][16][17] and he was posthumously named Prince La of Yan () by his deputy Shi Siming. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. Find a figure for global population of the Tang-dynasty Wikimedia Commons entire population of Earth at the time the! 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