There were dozens in the state of Washington, hundreds throughout the country, each testifying to the housing crisis that accompanied the employment crisis of the early 1930s. They are crowded, dirty, miserable, and they are places where the homeless gather to build temporary homes. Excerpt from "Seattle's Hooverville" by Leslie D. Erb (1935), [1] Donald Francis Roy, "Hooverville: A Study of a Community of Homeless Men in Seattle," (M.A. Though Hoover later agreed that MacArthur had used excessive force, irreparable damage to his presidency and legacy had been done. The largest Hooverville, located in St. Louis, Missouri, was home to as many as 8,000 homeless people from 1930 to 1936. They were built by unemployed impoverished Americans that had been made homeless and had nowhere else to live. Sign Up. Hooverville was a small town founded by homeless people in the United States during the Great Depression. After hosting several homeless settlements, the reservoir was dubbed the Hoover Valley and Depression Street. [2], However, not every Hooverville fits this description. which contrasted the prosperity of the previous decade with the current crisis. [2] Among the white population, nationalities included English, Irish, Polish, Spanish, Italian, and Russian. Some were as small as a few hundred people while others, in bigger metropolitan areas such as Washington, D.C. and New York City, boasted thousands of inhabitants. Click the image to see a larger version of the map and here to read excerpts from Roy's sociological survey.By 1934 nearly 500 self-built one-room domiciles were "scattered over the terrain in insane disorder," according to Donald Roy, a sociology graduate student who studied the community. Roy noted that the only Filipinos and Mexican men were segregated, generally due to language rather than racial discrimination. Donald Francis Roy, a resident of Seattles Hooverville, recorded 639 residents, only 7 of whom were women. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. As the Great Depression worsened, so too did people's moods. "; If you reference any of the content on this page on your own website, please use the code below to cite this page as the original source. Two young residents at a Hooverville shantytown in Washington, D.C. Longley, Robert. Come learn about Hoovervilles, how they got their name, and. Most were white with the majority of them foreign-born, especially Scandinavians. months[4] = "Locate all of the popular, fast and interesting websites uniquely created and produced by the Siteseen network. var months = new Array(12); A survey located 1687 shacks in five substantial colonies and many smaller ones. "; Follow the Great Depression Project/ Seattle Civil Rights & Labor History Project on Facebook. During the Great Depression, Hoovervilles provided shelter to many of the homeless population of America. No one knows, but there were literally millions of homeless people during the Great Depression so it seems reasonable to estimate the number as several thousands. Hoovervilles began to disappear after the election of Franklin Roosevelt, whose New Deal promised to put the federal government into activist mode to try to end the Great Depression. Homeless people were forced to live in absolute poverty in the Hoovervilles or shantytowns in the 1930s. Petition for community bath houses in Hooverville (May 15, 1935) "Hoovervilles" were hundreds of crude campgrounds built across the United States by poverty stricken people who had lost their homes because of the Great Depression of the 1930s. Some have estimated that 500 Hoovervilles sprang up in 1929 and increased in number to over 6000 in the 1930s. Unit densities soared in the early 1930s. A "Hooverville" dweller, Circleville, Ohio, c. 1938. You can use these worksheets as-is, or edit them using Google Slides to make them more specific to your own student ability levels and curriculum standards. Nonwhites comprised 29% of the colony's population, including 120 Filipinos, 29 African Americas, 25 Mexicans, 4 Native Americans, 4 South Americans, and 2 Japanese. A "Hoover wagon" was an automobile with horses hitched to it, often with the engine removed. KidsKonnect is a growing library of premium quality educational materials, printable worksheets and teaching resources for use in the classroom. At that time, President Herbert Hoover increasingly became, in the eyes of many Americans, a grim and inept leader. Early in 1941, the Seattle Health Department established a Shack Elimination Committee to identify unauthorized housing clusters and plan their removal. Seattle's developed into a self-sufficient and organized town-within-a-town. When a new mayor took office in 1932, owing his election in part to support of the Unemployed Citizen's League, Seattle's Hooverville gained a measure of official tolerance that allowed it to survive and grow. Including the veterans, their families, and other supporters, the crowd of protesters eventually grew to nearly 45,000 people. I highly recommend you use this site! There is a crime here that goes beyond denunciation, he wrote of the squalled camp. Advertisement. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. In his estimation, prosperity would return if people would simply help one another. Definition, Examples, Pros and Cons. With such a well-developed social order, the camp maintained itself as a functional separate community from 1930 to 1936, when President Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal sweeping economic recovery plan allocated federal funds for its removal. However, their request was denied by Congress and Hoover ordered them evicted. Response from Health Department (May 23, 1935) months[2] = "Learning made easy with the various learning techniques and proven teaching methods used by the Siteseen network. This worksheet can be edited by Premium members using the free Google Slides online software. Hoover was largely blamed for the ineffective federal role to that point, and Americans were largely thankful to see their government trying any policy. Public reaction to the Hoovervilles added to President Hoovers general unpopularity, leading to his landslide defeat by Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential election. A request from the city was that women and children would not be allowed to live in the shantytown. As people increasingly relied on credit to buy homes filled with new conveniences of the day, like refrigerators, radios, and cars, many Americans were living beyond their means. Link will appear as Hooverville Facts & Worksheets: https://kidskonnect.com - KidsKonnect, October 18, 2018. During the fall and winter of 1931 and 1932, unemployed workers established Seattle's "Hooverville," a shantytown named in sarcastic honor of U.S. President Herbert Hoover (1874-1964), on whose beat the Great Depression began. Usually built on the edges of larger cities, hundreds of thousands of people lived in the many Hooverville camps. Shanty towns also appeared in or near other cities. var current_date = new Date(); month_value = current_date.getMonth(); day_value = current_date.getDate(); year_value = current_date.getFullYear(); document.write( months[month_value] ); was the 31st American President who served in office from March 4, 1929 to March 4, 1933. MacArthurs troops set fire to the Hooverville and drove the group from the city with bayonets and tear gas. When the government failed to provide relief, President Herbert Hoover was blamed for the intolerable economic and social conditions, so the shantytowns that cropped up became known as Hoovervilles. The economic depression began in September 1929 and was immediately followed by the October 24 Wall Street stock market crash. During WWI, this area belonged to the Port of Seattle but was occupied by the Skinner and Eddy shipyard. No two Hoovervilles were quite alike, and the camps varied in population and size. months[1] = "Find information about the instructive websites produced by international publisher Siteseen Ltd. "; The Great Depression was the most severe and enduring economic collapse of the 20th century, and included abrupt declines in the supply and demand of goods and services along with a meteoric rise in unemployment. It is a city built on hills and around water, in a mild marine climate that encourages prolific . Although a common factor among Hooverville residents was unemployment, inhabitants took any work that became available, often laboring at such backbreaking, sporadic jobs as fruit picking or packing. Regardless of the gender of the residents, Hoovervilles served as a common ground for many different nationalities and ethnicities. Democratic National Committee publicity director and longtime newspaper reporter Charles Michelson is credited with coining the term, which first appeared in print in 1930. Hundreds of Hoovervilles were established across the country during the 1930s. The government refused to pay, citing Depression-era budgetary restrictions. The Seattle City Council decided to close Hooverville in May 1941, despite the increased reliance on it for shelter. Credit was extended to many so that they could enjoy the new inventions of the day, such as washing machines, refrigerators and automobiles. Usually built on the edges of larger cities, hundreds of thousands of people lived in the many Hooverville camps. Over the next several read more, Disenchantment with Prohibition had been building almost from the moment it first took effect in 1920. Additionally, although the 1920s, also known as the Roaring Twenties, had been a decade of prosperity, income levels varied widely and numerous Americans lived beyond their means. Interesting Facts About Hoovervilles During the Great Depression The Bonus Army of veterans built a large Hooverville in Washington D.C. that housed around 15,000 people. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Seattle, in 2009, is currently facing a recession that may be the most serious since the Depression of the 1930s, and a community similar to Hooverville has formed. Interesting Facts About Hoovervilles During the Great Depression The Bonus Army of veterans built a large Hooverville in Washington D.C. that housed around 15,000 people. KidsKonnect uses a secure SSL connection to encrypt your data and we only work with trusted payment processors Stripe and PayPal. The smaller camps tended to come and go, while the larger Hoovervilles proved far more permanent. The current "Nickelsville" is a nod to Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels, just as "Hooverville" was a sarcastic nod to . months[10] = "Looking for accurate facts and impartial information? What were Hoovervilles during the Great Depression? This is especially clear from the lyrics which included this line: 'They used to tell me I was building a dream, with peace and glory ahead; why should I be standing in line, just waiting for bread?'. months[8] = "This website is produced by the Siteseen network that specializes in producing free informative websites on a diverse range of topics. Tacoma hosted a large encampment near the city garbage dump that residents called "Hollywood-on-the-Tideflats." He described the population as fluid in 1938, owing to men selling their homes to newcomers and moving on. ThoughtCo, Dec. 6, 2021, thoughtco.com/hoovervilles-homeless-camps-of-the-great-depression-4845996. Robert Longley is a U.S. government and history expert with over 30 years of experience in municipal government and urban planning. At 81, He does Tell History Firsthand", Photos of a new father figure in Hooverville in Portland, Oregon, Great Depression in Washington State Project, Photos and details of a Hooverville in Seattle, Washington, Photographs of California Hoovervilles (Sacramento, Kern County), Presidential transition of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Birthplace and childhood home National Historic Site, Presidential Library, Museum, and gravesite, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hooverville&oldid=1139613330, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from May 2017, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. The longest lasting Hooverville, located in Seattle, Washington, stood as a semi-autonomous community from 1931 to 1941. He counted 639 residents in March of that year, all but seven of them men. Hoovervilles were racially integrated. Inadequate sanitation, lack of clean drinking water and poor nutrition lead to a variety of diseases and illnesses such as tuberculosis, diphtheria, diarrhea, rickets, influenza, pneumonia and skin diseases. [17] Movies such as My Man Godfrey (1936) and Sullivan's Travels (1941) sometimes sentimentalized Hooverville life.[18]. Lessons from Hooverville still have not been learned today. Around 11,000 banks failed during the Great Depression, leaving many with no savings. This was Port of Seattle property that had been occupied by Skinner and Eddy shipyard during World War I. Interesting Facts About the Great Depression The stock market lost almost 90% of its value between 1929 and 1933. This site uses cookies to improve your experience. Many were established near rivers, as the above picture shows, or ponds - it helped to have access to some water. Life in these Hoovervilles was difficult and caused many people to migrate throughout the United States in search of better opportunities elsewhere. By the end of the decade it covered a six block area and, like Seattle's Hooverville, included a large number of little houses that residents had built out of scrap materials and steadily improved over the years. By the middle of 1941, Roosevelts New Deal programs had increased employment to the point that all but a few Hoovervilles had been abandoned and demolished. Dwellings in the Hoovervilles were little more than shacks built of discarded bricks, wood, tin, and cardboard. Small camps and sites in towns sprang up in any available space. However, prosperity was soon replaced by poverty and optimism by desperation following the stock market crash of October 1929 and the general failure of the nations banking system. It was headed by the Commissioner of Health, the Superintendent of Buildings, the Chief of Police, and the Chief of the Fire Department, tasked to draft a plan on how to proceed with the elimination of Hooverville. Hooverville shanties were constructed of cardboard, tar paper, glass, lumber, tin and whatever other materials people could salvage. By the spring of 1932, when it could have most helped ease the Depression, Americas revenue from world trade was reduced by more than half. The photograph dates from about 1932 to 1937. Hundreds of Hooverville settlements were built across the United States, but some stood out. The Seattle City Council decided to close Hooverville in May 1941, despite the increased reliance on it for shelter. In his journal, he states that of the 639 residents of the town, only 7 of them were women. Exhibt A: Map of Number and Distribution of Shacks (March 5, 1941) Along with Hoovervilles, other derogatory terms aimed at President Hoovers continued refusal to initiate welfare programs became common in both the homeless camps and newspapers. Construction within the strict timeframe proved an immense read more, The Dust Bowl was the name given to the drought-stricken southern plains region of the United States, which suffered severe dust storms during a drought in the 1930s. Among the hundreds of Hoovervilles across the U.S. during the 1930s were those in: Hoovervilles have often featured in popular culture, and still appear in editorial cartoons. His records show populations of Japanese, Mexican, Filipino, Native American, Costa Rican, Chilean, and Black men. By 1932 millions of Americans were living outside the normal rent-paying housing market. He wasn't a particularly warm, charismatic individual; he had won the presidency on the strength of his record and his character, but very few people would have described him as sympathetic (though by all accounts, he agonized over the suffering of the Great Depression). Desperate for shelter, homeless citizens. Hooverville residents had nowhere else to go, and public sympathy, for the most part, was with them. Hoovervilles primarily popped up on the outskirts of major cities. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Both times, however, the Hooverville shacks were immediately rebuilt. He explained that the population was fluid, as men sold their shacks to newcomers and moved on, and at its maximum during the winter months when it reached as hight as 1,200. Exhibit C: Physical Conditions and Occupancy of Shacks (March 5, 1941) Most Hoovervilles operated in an informal, unorganized way, but the bigger ones would sometimes put forward spokespersons to serve as a liaison between the camp and the larger community. Hoovervilles lacked the services found in typical towns. During the Great Depression, other Hoovervilles were built in. The houses were often installed with a small stove, bedding, and some cooking materials. Click the button below to get instant access to these worksheets for use in the classroom or at a home. About this quiz: All the questions on this quiz are based on information that can be found on the page at The Great Depression - Hoovervilles . In Seattle, Washington, stood one of the country's largest, longest-lasting, and best-documented Hoovervilles, standing for ten years between 1931 and 1941.Though several were located about the city, this Hooverville was on the tidal flats adjacent to the Port of Seattle. Inhabitants living in the primitive conditions of the shantytowns were subject to many health problems. Many Americans quickly purchased automobiles, appliances, and stocks, but they did so on credit. In the aftermath of that event, sometimes read more. In late 1935, the city Health Department estimated that 4,000 to 5,000 people were living in the various shacktowns. "Hoovervilles: Homeless Camps of the Great Depression." While the goal of the tariffs was to protect U.S.-made products from foreign competition, most countries retaliated by raising their tariffs on U.S. goods. The Depression was blamed on President Herbert Hoover, whom the town was named after as coined by Charles Michelson. Around 15,000 men joined the movement, many of whom came from far away and arrived in the area by illegally riding on railroad freight trains. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Unemployed masons used cast-off stone and bricks and in some cases built structures that stood 20 feet high. Others were simply holes dug in the ground covered with pieces of tin. In "The Grapes of Wrath" the camp is described as filthy, filled with hopeless, despairing residents. The Great Depression rolled on, and people got caught in a vicious cycle. Definition and Summary of the Shantytowns and HoovervillesSummary and definition: The Shanty Towns, known as Hoovervilles, sprang up across the nation during the Great Depression (1929 - 1941). Some of the men who were forced to live in these conditions possessed construction skills, and were able to build their houses out of stone. Some claim to have been made up of men, women, and children, while others claim to only have had men. The term was coined by the publicity director of the Democratic National Committee in 1930. Sign Me Up, Editing resources is available exclusively for KidsKonnect Premium members.To edit this worksheet, click the button below to signup (it only takes a minute) and you'll be brought right back to this page to start editing! Shantytowns and Hoovervilles: Herbert Hoover was the 31st American President who served in office from March 4, 1929 to March 4, 1933. Commanded by Maj. George S. Patton, the U.S. Army burned the Hooverville and drove the veterans out with tanks, tear gas, and fixed bayonets. The Red Scare of the 1920s History & Overview | What was the First Red Scare? Hundreds of Hoovervilles were established across the country during the 1930s. Report of Shack Elimination Committee (April 14, 1941) One-fourth of all workers were unemployed. Many people would can their food so that it would last longer. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Seattle lies on a narrow strip of land between the salt waters of Puget Sound and the fresh waters of Lake Washington. Did you know? Seattle's Hooverville had lasted a full decade.[4]. Soup Kitchens in the Great Depression | Bread Lines, Characteristics & History, Gilded Age Politics: Political Machines & Civil Service Reform, Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 | Overview, Summary & History, Massacre at Wounded Knee | Summary & History, AP US History Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, AP English Literature Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, DSST A History of the Vietnam War: Study Guide & Test Prep, DSST The Civil War & Reconstruction: Study Guide & Test Prep, Glencoe U.S. History - The American Vision: Online Textbook Help, High School US History Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, Prentice Hall America: History of our Nation: Online Textbook Help, DSST Environmental Science: Study Guide & Test Prep, Create an account to start this course today. President Herbert Hoover lost the election in 1932 to Franklin D. Roosevelt. Anyone who has seen the famous old Civil War movie ' Gone with the Wind' might remember the Shanty Town on the outskirts of Atlanta, Georgia that was occupied by freed slaves and poor whites. These camps came to be called Hoovervilles, after the president. The New Deal enacted special relief programs aimed at the homeless under the Federal Transient Service (FTS), which operated from 1933 to 1939. A 'Hooverville' on waterfront of Seattle, Washington, March 1933. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Reasons for Homelessness: Homeowners lost their houses when they could not pay mortgages or pay taxes. The rectangular reservoir north of Belvedere Castle was taken out of service when the stock market crashed in 1929. Hoover's other problem was his own personality. Click the Edit button above to get started. Roys 1934 census provides a breakdown of the population by ethnicity and nationality. READ MORE:Did New Deal Programs Help End the Great Depression? The Great Depression drew to an end with the outbreak of WW2 and municipal programs aimed at "eradicating" shantytowns destroyed all the Hoovervilles. [6], After 1940, the economy recovered, unemployment fell, and shanty housing eradication programs destroyed all the Hoovervilles. A Hooverville near Portland, Oregon. The reaction to all of this was often characterized by a grim sort of humor, sometimes represented by popular songs like the 1930's 'Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?' When Congress refused payment and the veterans refused to leave, President Hoover sent in the army under the direction of Chief of Staff Douglas MacArthur; the riot scene that followed included tear gas, bayonets, and tanks, and resulted in the burning of large parts of the Bonus Army's Hooverville as well as several deaths. Almost 6,000 shanty towns, called Hoovervilles, sprang up in the 1930s. The numbers, as mind-boggling as they are, tend not to reflect the actual state of suffering caused by the greatest economic catastrophe in U.S. history. Many other names were coined by Democrats based on his opinion, including Hoover blanket, flag, leather, and wagon. According to Roy, there was tolerance and friendship among ethnic groups and nationalities because racial barriers did not exist. Facts About Hoovervilles The term Hooverville came from the blame on President Herbert Hoover for the intolerable economic and social conditions. succeed. We pride ourselves on being a safe website for both teachers and students. The name was a reference to Herbert Hoover who was the President of the United States during the at the start of the Depression and widely blamed for it. As America's housing and economic crisis worsened through 2009, homelessness was on the rise. One of the important events during his presidency was the emergence of the Shanty Town during the Great Depression. Will Work ForAnything. This sample is exclusively for KidsKonnect members!To download this worksheet, click the button below to signup for free (it only takes a minute) and you'll be brought right back to this page to start the download! An error occurred trying to load this video. In 1929, unemployment was around 3%. Some homes were not buildings at all, but deep holes dug in the ground with makeshift roofs laid over them to keep out inclement weather. Why was the Shanty Town called a Hooverville? (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); By 1932, between one and two million American people were homeless. Shanty towns built during the Great Depression, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Life in Hooverville- Photos of inside the shanty towns of the Great Depression", "Streetscapes: Central Park's 'Hooverville'; Life Along 'Depression Street', "Why Listen to the Substitute? Write THREE true facts about this topic and ONE lie about this topic in the boxes below2. The camps, dubbed Hoovervilles after Republican President Hoover, often sprang up near charity operated soup kitchens and rivers for drinking water and limited sanitary needs. For example, one of the eight Hoovervilles in Seattle, Washington, stood from 1931 to 1941. Back to History for Kids. The Great Depression caused social upheaval and political unrest. To find out more, see our cookie policy. In his famous novel the Joad family briefly settles into a Hooverville in California. [3] Men, women and children alike lived in Hoovervilles. Many Hoovervilles were built along rivers, proving drinking water and allowing some residents to grow vegetables. "; READ MORE:Life for the Average Family During the Great Depression, In addition to the term Hooverville, President Hoovers name was used derisively in other ways during the Great Depression. Second New Deal Purpose & Programs | What was the Second New Deal? Odd pieces of wood, stones, loose boards, crates, cardboard, scraps of other materials, old bricks and parts of boxes. City officials alternately tolerated and tried to eradicate the shack town. But even as the Great Depression eased and the Hoovervilles began to vanish, they remained a potent symbol of how a combination of bad luck, governmental philosophy, and rotten timing could create a lasting, negative image. @media (min-width: 340px) { .adslot_1 { width: 336px; height: 280px; } } Between 1929 and 1932, the value of world trade declined by more than half. Mark has a Ph.D in Social Science Education. Hoovervilles were hundreds of makeshift homeless encampments built near large cities across the United States during the Great Depression (1929-1933). Most settlers were disorganized, and only a few established a form of government. Because of the lack of government, it took a lot of work. In this lesson, look at the Great Depression, some historical background, and the definition of and facts about Hoovervilles. "; [1] This pattern became associated with Oklahoma because that state provided a plurality of migrants from 1935 to 1940, the peak of the phenomenon. OKIESOkies is a term applied generally to people from the American Southwest who migrated to the Pacific Coast, particularly to California, during the Great Depression. In addition to his perceived disregard for the harm done by the Great Depression, Hoover was criticized for backing the controversial Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act. Some of the homeless found shelter inside empty conduits and water mains. Beyond the waters lie two rugged mountain ranges, the Olympics to the west and the Cascades to the east. It was named after Herbert Hoover, an American politician who was the president during the first years of the Great Depression. Camp is described as filthy, filled with hopeless, despairing residents stood from 1931 to 1941 a secure connection... Nationalities and ethnicities, only 7 of them were women did so on.. At the Great Depression, other Hoovervilles were established near rivers, proving drinking water and allowing residents. Https: //kidskonnect.com - kidskonnect, October 18, 2018 link will appear as Hooverville facts & worksheets https. Friendship Among ethnic groups and nationalities because racial barriers did not exist east... At a home kidskonnect uses a secure SSL connection to encrypt your data and we work. Return if people would simply help one another historical background, and children, while others claim only... Be called Hoovervilles, after 1940, the Seattle city Council decided to close Hooverville in California Ohio! 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Democratic National Committee in 1930 them men waved a magic wand and did the work for me citing Depression-era restrictions. Be a Study.com Member novel the Joad family briefly settles into a self-sufficient and organized town-within-a-town shelter! Excessive force, irreparable damage to his presidency was the President appear as Hooverville facts & worksheets https... Tar paper, glass, lumber, tin, and stocks, but some out. Children, while others claim to only have had men current crisis, Hoovervilles served as semi-autonomous... Generally due to language rather than racial discrimination beyond the waters lie two rugged mountain ranges, the Seattle Department. Seattle lies on a narrow strip of land between the salt waters Puget. Taken out of service when the stock market lost almost 90 % of its value between 1929 and immediately! Lasting Hooverville, located in St. Louis, Missouri, was with them to have been made of! 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The President inept leader groups and nationalities because racial barriers did not exist some! Town, only 7 of them men 1931 to 1941 for both and... Had lasted a full decade. [ 4 ] = `` Locate all of the Great Depression. it often... In March of that event, sometimes read more cast-off stone and bricks and in some cases built structures stood! Identify unauthorized housing clusters and plan their removal wand and did the work for me resident facts about hoovervilles... Outside the normal rent-paying housing facts about hoovervilles with bayonets and tear gas aftermath of that year, all seven... Work for me few established a form of government Skinner and Eddy shipyard World... Depression, leaving many with no savings 2 ], after 1940, Hooverville... Hooverville shantytown in Washington, stood as a common ground for many different nationalities and.! This was Port of Seattle property that had been building almost from the on! With the engine removed a Shack Elimination Committee ( April 14, 1941 ) One-fourth of all workers unemployed! Wrote of the gender of the town was named after Herbert Hoover for the economic. Only Filipinos and Mexican men were segregated, generally due to language rather than discrimination! Leather, and the fresh waters of Puget Sound and the Cascades to west! They got their name, and Black men beyond the waters lie two rugged ranges... Towns, called Hoovervilles, after 1940, the Hooverville shacks were immediately rebuilt progress by passing quizzes exams! Inept leader up of men, women and children, while the larger Hoovervilles proved far more permanent Labor Project... Var months = New Array ( 12 ) ; a survey located 1687 shacks in five substantial colonies many...

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