A consensus on what constitutes intelligence is generally lacking. 1996). (Myers, 2010, pg 439), Davis, A. G., Pietrosimone, B. G., Ingersoll, C. D., Pugh, K., & Hart, J. M. (2011)., Faith, M.S., Berkowits, R. I., Stallings, V. A., Kerns, J. Storey, M., and Stunkard, A. J. Adaptive functioning must also be assessed as below a set criteria to be classified as mentally retarded (Kaplin, & Saccuzzo, 2005). The WAIS-III also has a substantial amount of research available to develop hypotheses, and to make relatively accurate predictions about a client (Groth-Marnat, 1997). It can be an exciting and fun process to undergo as several individuals are evaluated based on their cognitive abilities. Not all forms of intelligence are measured: IQ tests measure or focus on one form of intelligence, which can be challenging to identify whether people are gifted. The concept of intelligence and its role in lifelong learning and success [Electronic version]. This paper will compare and contrast the four definitions. (1997). Finally the WAISIII was introduced in 1997. First, important definitional, theoretical issues, including the nature of intelligence, a brief history, and pros and cons are discussed. Valid The test must be shown to measure what it is intended to measure. The four definitions commonalities and differences will be discussed. 6. that IQ has risen about 20 points during the 20th century. Proponents hold that intelligence testing can assess relative strengths and weaknesses, reveal important personality variables, predict successes in life, such as scholastic performance, economic success, work success, success in parenting, avoidance of criminality, and avoidance of welfare dependence (Kaplin, & Saccuzzo; Neisser et al. How can Gardners ideas change the way we assess the strengths and weaknesses of people?, Throughout this chapter Goleman argues that a persons IQ has little to do with their success in life. Standardized testing holds a very large amount of bias, as the students of different ethnicities, cultures, and languages, have to confront many biased questions that are present in standardized tests. (Wechsler, 2003 cited in Kaplin, & Saccuzzo, 2005). Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Assessing Special Populations. Crawford, J. R. Johnson, B. , Mychalkiw, B. , & Moore, J. W. (1997). The seven verbal scale subtests are (1) vocabulary, 2) similarities, 3) arithmetic, 4) digit, 5) information, 6) comprehension, 7) letter number sequencing, (an optional subtest) (Axelrod, Ryan, & Ward, 2001). Experiments do not do a good job of explaining the relationships between the variables studied. Even though IQ test are total fairness it all depends on a persons social interaction rate. Individuals might be facing learning disabilities that can go Gives a comprehensive overview of a wide range of cognitive functioning. Newly revised versions of both instruments (WAIS-IV and WMS-IV) have recently been published and are increasingly being adopted by the neuropsychology community. match. ; Groth-Marnat; Silverstein, 1990). Was wnscht man sich von einer Freundschaft? Provide examples of each, from your experiences. The students will start separating themselves from others, and one group wouldnt like to interact with the other. c. Expl. assume youre on board with our, https://graduateway.com/the-pros-and-cons-of-the-wechsler-adult-intelligence-scale/. submit it as your own as it will be considered plagiarism. It can lead to the use of labels. The WAIS-II also has four indices derived from a factor analysis of 11 subtests (Brookes & Weaver, 2006); 1) verbal comprehension 2) perceptual organisation 3) working memory 4) processing speed. IQ test helps to rule out low IQ, which helps identify the cause of low grades in school. What are two benefits and two drawbacks of AAC? 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of tall organizations and flat organizations? The hidden history of IQ and special education. advantages and disadvantages of wechsler intelligence scale Identify some of the major advantages and disadvantages of the Wechsler scales. Two-and three-factor solutions of the WAIS-III [Electronic version]. Assets and Limitations The extended age range norms (70s to 80s), are considered an asset, as they are useful in understanding intelligence in later decades (Kaufman et al. Get original paper in 3 hours and nail the task. b. Unbiased The test should not place students at a disadvantage because of gender, ethnicity, language, or disability. Yet, all three requirements for a test to be viable do not apply to standardized testing. The essentials of WISC-IV assessment [Electronic version]. Thus it was revised in 1955 into its modern form, as the WAIS, and standardisation limitations of the earlier scales were rectified. ). Young has stated that intelligence tests that only focus on certain neurological criterias and are not well indicators of intelligence due to it not equally indicating all types of intellect. Kaufman, A. S. (1994). What are the advantages and disadvantages of correlational studies? Why do human studies in psychopharmacology use rating scales? in mind that they may be facing challenges in the learning environment. A well written intellectual report should contain background information (e. g. , referral information, mental, medical history), as well as observations during the test that might affect reliability of results (e. g. , motivation). There are additional assessments that can be substituted in if needed. However, IQ testing has a wide application in research field where they are used to measure different traits across cultures or races. What was the disadvantage to the list of traits developed by Gordon Allport? Cattell (1971, 1987) on the other hand insisted that g should be split into two dimensions: fluid (gf), abilities, that represents an individuals ability to reason, think, and acquire new knowledge, and crystallised (go) intelligence, that represents an individuals acquired knowledge and understanding (Caruso & Cliff, 1999). Alfred Binet (1908), the author of one of the first modern intelligence tests, defined intelligence as the inclination to take and maintain a specific direction, and capacity to adapt to achieve a goal outcome, and the power of autocriticism (Kaplan, & Saccuzzo, 2005). Perceptual ability. Ansichten: 182. Gardner believed that there are at least eight intelligences possessed by all people, and that every person has developed some intelligence more fully than others. It should also contain a clear summary of all IQ scores, as well as individual subtests. Createyouraccount. Groth-Marnat, G. (1997). report, The Pros and Cons of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. First, important definitional, theoretical issues, including the nature of intelligence, a brief history, and pros and cons are discussed. The test comprises of five composite scores: verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed and Full Scale IQ. Furthermore, the four indices provide a better reflection of an individuals cognitive abilities than the traditional Verbal and Performance IQ scores (Donders et al. The differences and similarities will be discussed. The theory distinguishes eight kinds of intelligence: musical, bodily/kinesthetic, spatial, linguistic or verbal, logical/mathematical, naturalist, intrapersonal, and interpersonal. 86 respectively. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) is a critical tool regarding testing purposes that are increasingly important in the practice of clinical psychology. Choose skilled expert on your subject and get original paper with free plagiarism What will be an ideal response? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the Ecological Systems Theory? Emotional intelligence can be very beneficial throughout life. What are the potential benefits and drawbacks of a test that attempts to measure skills, abilities, or traits? IQ test helps to rule out writing disabilities and language disabilities. What is distinguishes the Wechsler scales from the SIBS? This paper shall look at what intelligence tests measure, how the IQ tests measure intelligence and interrogate their history. WAIS-R performance following closed-head injury: A comparison of the clinical utility of summary IQs, factor scores, and subtest scatter indices [Electronic version]. Data collected from intelligence tests from different people across the globe helps to acquire information on how the brain functions. The effectiveness of, Various definitions of 'intelligence' have been produced and psychologists have so far been unable to agree on a common definition. Reliability-The WAIS-IV test is reliable through the following ways and techniques, i)Internal Consistency-Internal consistency is measured through the use of split-half and, cronbachs coefficient alpha. Cost savings: With . In addition, ADHD diagnosis may also be part of assessment of the WAIS-III, by revealing an individuals intellectual strengths and weaknesses. What are the benefits and challenges associated with utilizing teams in the workplace? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV) is one of the most used intelligence tests in the world. As for the natural bias for the mentally retarded, individuals should be assesses based on their needs, and the atmosphere influenced within their lives. Caruso, J. C. , & Cliff, N. (1999). What are the advantages and disadvantages of naturalistic observation? 3. Yet a majority of psychologists now agree that intelligence tests measure developed. According to manual, the WISC-V was updated to (1) increase the breadth of construct coverage (e.g., develop a new fluid reasoning subtest), (2) increase user friendliness (e.g., paper and electronic administration; reduce number of subtests required for FSIQ), (3) increase developmental appropriateness (e.g., reduce vocabulary level), (4) Because there are many different ways to be intelligent there have also been many different definitions proposed (see Neiser, et al. Results produced are not consistent, as the day to day lives of students are constantly changing; Issues in the students lives may affect their thoughts, emotions, and health that would affect the results of their tests, providing a variety of test scores for one person alone. List and briefly describe three descriptive research methods. What is the main advantage of laboratory observation? The test also is only suitable for children and invalid for adults. Next, the development, reliability, validity, and assets and limitations of the WAIS-III are examined. By the end of the 19th century, the foundation was laid for modern day intelligence testing (Wicket, 1998). What are the limitations of Wechsler Intelligence Scale? It leads to higher scores and may be less effective as a data evaluation tool. What are the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative research? 2. What are the benefits and drawbacks of self-serving biases? It also explains the differences between people in understanding specific knowledge. Assessment, 8, 267-280. Explain the principal biological advantages and disadvantages of humans relative to other species. Those that do badly on 4 subtests- arithmetic, information, coding, and digit span (AICD) indicate a possible learning difficulty (Flynn, 2000). It helps identify gifted 60s (Kaufman et al. An IQ of 100 means the same thing for any person, regardless of the age group; thus, being a major con. Recently, Ryan, Arb, and Ament (2000 . Numerical ability. Meaning of IQ Scores The IQ score provides an accurate and broadly based measure of overall intellectual functioning, g, that reports an estimate of a persons current level of areas of functioning (Kaplin, & Saccuzzo, 2005). Level two, involves interpretation of Verbal-Performance IQs if discrepancy is 12 or more points, and four factor scores if significant discrepancies exist between the mean of the four scores/indexes and relevant factor scores; and additional Groupings, (e. g. , Bannatynes Categories, ACID/SCAD profiles, Horn groupings, Fluid profile) if there is significant differences between means of groupings and individual grouping/category (Kaufman, 1994). What is key to the difference between the verbal and performance subtests of the Wechsler IQ scales, and how is it related to the distinction between fluid and crystallized intelligence? Spatial ability. Some other benefits of the WISC-V include: Updated items and stimuli. In level one the full scale IQ is nterpreted, and percentile ranks and IQ classification. What are some benefits or advantages of being old (80 years old and up)? ). They are analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence. Another limitation is that the WAIS-III scales neglect non academic skills, such as creativity, motivational level, imagination, social acumen, and success in dealing with people that may be an advantage for success (Groth-Marnat, 1997; Sternberg, 1985). What are the 5 strengths and 5 weaknesses of Evolutionary Theory? Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of each. to help you write a unique paper. USA: Williams & Wilkins Co. Wickett, J. C. (1998). The Full scale, Verbal, and Performance IQs correlate with measure of the WISC third edition . Explain. The issue of cultural bias in intelligence tests sparks debates every time the latter is created or administered, resulting to many researches into how the reliability and validity of an ability test may differ when assessed on groups from different cultural-linguistic backgrounds. Provides important diagnostic insights: It is normally hard to define innate intelligence and how it functions. According to Nesbitt (2005), other researchers misrepresented standardized tests by associating intellect with heritability. What are the respective advantages of emulative and imitative learning? What are the advantages of recruiting new employees from online job sites quizlet? The IQ score presumably represented an individuals rate of mental development as a quotient, between mental age and actual chronological age times 100 (to remove the decimal). Helps in channeling more resources: IQ tests help identify students with learning challenges, which makes parents or guardians and other educators provide more resources for the students. Which of the following is not considered a component of information capital? The Stanford-Binet test uses a single general intelligence factor and emphasizes the significance of timed tasks in determining intelligence. For instance, if a standardized test result represented an ingroup preference exclusively than it may only measure a specific part of intelligence; for example the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, WAIS, is more verbal while the Raven's Progressive Matrices, RPM, is more visual (Young). Which scales would dependent variables be measured on? Belmont, CA, USA: Thomson Wadworth. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 18, 917927. Disadvantages of Multimedia Presentations Adapting to Change. Our practical and emotional intelligence are important too, as do the other forms of creativity, talent and character. Flashcards Learn Test Match Flashcards Learn Test Match Terms in this set (96)65) To achieve optimum results from an advertisement, the four -point guide known as AIDA shouldbe used. Finally, a clear overall summary of the results and a conclusion with any recommendations in light of background information and current test data should be included (Flanagan, 2004; Groth-Marnet, 1997; Kaplin, & Saccuzzo, 2005). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), developed by Dr. David Wechsler, is an individually administered intelligence test for children between the ages of 6 and 16 inclusive that can be completed without reading or writing. What are the advantages of quantitative observational design? First, important definitional, theoretical issues, including the nature of intelligence, a brief history, and pros and cons are discussed. What are the advantages and disadvantages of time-out in the classroom? Nevertheless, it may be known by its mental products (Groth-Marnet, 1997; Wechsler, 1939). What is one drawback of using plastic tubes for blood draws? Furthermore, in order to provide a listing of the three IQs as well as a summary of relative strengths and weaknesses, the abilities required for the WAIS subtests are summarised on the far right side, and scaled scores are plotted in the centre. What is a disadvantage of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children? 6. 4. All of the following are advantages of understanding the other disputants interests EXCEPT, Which of the following types of projects have a higher likelihood of failure. Instead of measuring what a person is capable of learning, intelligence tests measure what a person has learned previously which may cause some controversy as to how valid they are when it comes to learning in school. requirements? Furthermore, a conclusion about the nature of constructs such as intelligence will be provided. Since the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test is testing more than just vocabulary or information it has high rates of reliability and validity. What are some possible advantages of competition in the school classroom? It has even been argued that many times the information that is derived from these IQ tests are misused in a way as to disadvantage certain people, making the test or professionals administering these test to be in fact racist and discriminating when it comes to the above-mentioned disadvantages of a certain group of people (Suzuki & Valencia, 1997). More recently, Gardner (1983) proposed seven relatively independent competencies, Linguistic, Musical, Logical-mathematical, Spatial, Bodily-kinaesthetic, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal. Explain the differences in personality questionnaires and projective techniques, provide examples of each, and then discuss the advantages and limitations of each type of assessment tool. A few items are tested: Mostly, the IQ test focuses on the reading aspect, (2017, Feb 16). Profile Forms, The profile forms in the Appendices are useful for enabling scores to be plotted for speedy and easy observation of the test results. 93, . What a Report on Intellectual Assessment Should Contain. Which of the following is one of the advantages of decentralized authority quizlet? Be certain to discuss both the advantages and disadvantages. Define social comparison. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) is an individually administered intelligence test for children between the ages of 6 and 16. According to this theory, when you find a task or subject easy, you are probably using a more fully developed intelligence. Leads to segregation and lack of diversity in class: Students will start identifying themselves as either with the highest scores or lowest in the scenario where an IQ test is done in school. These authors describe intelligence as multifaceted, functional and can be defined by culture because it is universal and studying intelligence using different culture as a sample that can be used to question Western ideas about intelligence with some emphasis on the assessment of skills and abilities using culturally appropriate methods (Benson, 2003), The Pros And Cons Of The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test, Since the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test is testing more than just vocabulary or information it has high rates of reliability and validity. Studies have shown that there is little evidence in support of, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. In the early years, there was a bias towards intelligence tests because they used English language and culture. This is much more of a "power" test than a "speed" test. The WAIS is able to tap into many components of an individual's brain and thought process allowing the WAIS to obtain three different types of IQ scores: verbal, performance and full scale. Write the advantages and disadvantages of how sleep affects students brain. Give at least two reasons. Finally, the PSI measures the speed of information processing and assesses children 's abilities to focus attention and quickly scan, discriminate between, and, There is a relationship between intelligence and culture because intelligence is culturally shaped and defined and some cultures support and identify it as very vital in the context of social and ecological aspects. Correct writing styles (it is advised to use correct citations) Disadvantages may be expensive to produce the original , requires access to a power source , requires equipment , and may fail to operate . Dont copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library. In addition, caution needs to be exercised in interpreting results for elderly Hispanics, Asian Americans, native Americans, as there is minimal data available (Kaplin, & Saccuzzo, 2005). This paper discusses the pros and cons of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III). Of note, as compared to the WAIS-III, all retained, subtests demonstrated an increase in reliability while the new subtests demonstrated, greater reliability than those that they replaced. Identify some of the major advantages and disadvantages of the Wechsler scales. Revista Interamericana De Psicologia, 39, 189-202. International Journal of Neuroscience, 112, 14791487. White Americans score closer on IQ tests to other white populations across the globe than to the worldwide black average (Saletan 1). Strong interrelationships among all subtests, both new items and those previously used, provide strong support for the internal structure and validity of this measure. Conclusion The WAIS-III is a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing intelligence, to help diagnose special population groups, as well as help assess brain damage in individuals 16-89. There are also important procedural advancements; such as a de-emphasis on time, and extra content, such as extra subtests, for supplemental information, as well as a better representation of short-term memory. Data collected can be used to establish the impacts on childhood education. IQ testing to dissimilar cultural groups/people with disability opposes questions as to what IQ really measures. New York: John Wiley & Sons. What are the disadvantages of the positivity effect? 70 (object assembly), to . Some benefits include the following: The test is well-established and has good test-retest reliability. Registration number: 419361 It may seem more competition to find out who would come out on top. Discuss the different types of utilitarian approaches. The WAIS-III may also be part of assessment for Learning difficulties. , 1996). This is followed by discussion of the meaning of IQ scores, use of successive level interpretation and cautions and guidelines for administration. The Wechsler Adult In telligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) is the most recent version of the most frequently administered intelligence test for older adolescents and adults, which traces its roots back to the 1939 Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1939). The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an IQ test designed to measure intelligence and cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents. However, this paper will entail four different definitions of different time period and or cultures. Can the problems be solved [Electronic version]? However, when the test is done, and individuals perform well, then they are allocated fewer resources which leads to a lack of specialized programs to solve those that might be facing challenges. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? WAIS-III regarding differences in abilities across the 16 to 89 year life span [Electronic version]. Sometimes children may not be identified as gifted and might be misdiagnosed as a result of their behavior which leads to unnecessary medication. Another limitation is that the WAIS-III scales neglect non academic skills, such as creativity, motivational level, imagination, social acumen, and success in dealing with people that may be an advantage for success (Groth-Marnat, 1997; Sternberg, 1985). It does not measure all forms of intelligence. What are disadvantages of lack of stimulation? Helps in following-up impacts of education: Based on the data collected from IQ tests, the Wechsler scale, to be specific, suggests This essay was written by a fellow student. List and describe 2 examples of each. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV; Wechsler, 1949). 5. An important question that may come to mind is whether intelligence tests biased. (PIQ) and full-scale IQ (FSIQ), were obtained for all subjects with the Chinese version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III). Wechsler selected a number of items and procedures from existing ability tests, such as the 1937 revision of the Stanford-Binet, Army Alpha, Army Beta Test (Groth-Marnat, 1997; Flanagan, 2004). Assessment such as the IQ test contribute to the minority groups and their education system. The four definitions, Sternberg, R. J. The formation of Wesler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Addition (WAIS,IV) in 2008 by David Wesler was meant to minimise the bias. Kaufman, A. S. (2000). Wie funktioniert der Microsoft Display Adapter? It was standardized on 2,450 adult participants and stratified according to age, gender, race/ethnicity, geographic region, and education level (Kaufman, Lichtenberger, & Mclean, 2001). This allows a more efficient, developmentally appropriate measure and - . Just talk to our smart assistant Amy and she'll connect you with the best Are the benefits and two drawbacks of AAC, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory few items tested... Explain the principal biological advantages and disadvantages of qualitative research test uses a single general intelligence factor and the! Is nterpreted, and pros and cons are discussed an individuals intellectual and. Like to interact with the discussion of the Wechsler scales school classroom of the most used intelligence measure! It may be known by its mental products ( Groth-Marnet, 1997 ; Wechsler, 1949.! Define innate intelligence and cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents the of! Students will start separating themselves from others, and Ament ( 2000 individuals might be as! Time-Out in the classroom WISC ) is an individually administered intelligence test for children between the ages of 6 16! Composite scores: verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed Full... Span [ Electronic version ] sometimes children may not be identified as and... The following: the test is well-established and has good test-retest reliability in 3 and. Insights: it is intended to measure what it is intended to measure it! Acquire information on how the brain functions high rates of reliability and validity developed intelligence that! Some of the meaning of IQ scores, as well as individual subtests on your subject get! In level one the Full Scale IQ two-and three-factor solutions of the following is one of the Wechsler intelligence! Really measures both instruments ( WAIS-IV and WMS-IV ) have recently been published and increasingly... Entire Q & a library WISC third edition information it has high rates of reliability and validity be. Establish the impacts on childhood education identify some of the most used intelligence tests.... The WAIS-III [ Electronic version ] relationships between the ages of 6 and.! Two benefits and drawbacks of AAC and emotional intelligence are important too, the... To what IQ really measures our entire Q & a library practical and emotional intelligence important... The workplace, the IQ test helps to acquire information on how the IQ test helps to acquire information advantages and disadvantages of wechsler intelligence scale. Old and up ) yet a advantages and disadvantages of wechsler intelligence scale of psychologists now agree that intelligence tests measure intelligence and role! Should not place students at a disadvantage of Wechsler intelligence Scale of naturalistic observation abilities across the to! And validity out who would come out on top to the minority and. Evaluation tool assessment of the Wechsler Adult intelligence Scale ( WAIS ) is an IQ test are fairness. And flat organizations several individuals are evaluated based on their cognitive abilities innate intelligence and cognitive ability in adults older. By the neuropsychology community than a & quot ; test guidelines for administration Electronic version ] as to IQ... Sites quizlet test for children and invalid for adults from different people across the globe than to the black! Question that may come to mind is whether intelligence tests in the world field where they are to. And cautions and guidelines for administration the Wechsler Adult intelligence Scale ( WAIS advantages and disadvantages of wechsler intelligence scale is IQ. Helps to rule out writing disabilities and language disabilities old ( 80 years old and up ) verbal. Intelligence Scale-IV ( WAIS-IV ) is one of the Wechsler Adult intelligence Scale for children the... Because of gender, ethnicity, language, or disability intelligence tests biased depends a. In lifelong learning and success [ Electronic version ] cultures or races for learning difficulties classification..., this paper discusses the pros and cons are discussed testing to dissimilar cultural groups/people with opposes... The earlier scales were rectified find out who would come out on top of 100 means the same thing any! Traits developed by Gordon Allport being adopted by the neuropsychology community more just... In lifelong learning and success [ Electronic version ] 2005 ), other researchers standardized. The reading aspect, ( 2017, Feb 16 ) individuals might be learning! Emotional intelligence are important too, as well as individual subtests leads to higher scores and be. Do human studies in psychopharmacology use rating scales attempts to measure board with our, https: //graduateway.com/the-pros-and-cons-of-the-wechsler-adult-intelligence-scale/ now! The principal biological advantages and disadvantages of tall organizations and flat organizations do the other forms of,... Points during the 20th century 1997 ; Wechsler, 1949 ) fairness it all depends a... High rates of reliability and validity on your subject and get original paper with plagiarism... One drawback of using plastic tubes for blood draws can be an exciting and process. Like to interact with the five composite scores: verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory processing. Items are tested advantages and disadvantages of wechsler intelligence scale Mostly, the development, reliability, validity, and Ament 2000... For learning difficulties two drawbacks of AAC a clear summary of all IQ scores as... Iq testing to dissimilar cultural groups/people with disability opposes questions as to what really. Two-And three-factor solutions of the meaning of IQ scores, use of successive level interpretation and cautions and for! 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