When re-running tests in development mode and when your test suite depends on say an Authorization header set by karate.callSingle(), you can cache the results locally to a file, which is very convenient when your auth token is valid for a period of a few minutes - which typically is the case. Instead of using call (or callonce) you are always free to call JavaScript functions normally and then you can use more than one argument. This roughly corresponds to a cURL argument of -F @myFile=test.pdf. Since this is a frequently asked question, the different ways of being able to re-use code (or data) are summarized below. Here is one suggested pattern you can adopt. REST-style path parameters. See also responseStatus if you want to do some complex assertions against the HTTP status code. . Karate is an open-source tool which combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. Note that the karate-config.js is re-processed for every Scenario and in rare cases, you may want to initialize (e.g. - Easy to understand by non-programmers - Only API testing tool that can Mock, Do performance testing, Mix UI . Karate is an open-source framework for API Test automation that uses BDD style syntax, has a rich assertion library, built-in HTML reports. The static method com.intuit.karate.Runner.runFeature() is best explained in this demo unit-test: JavaApiTest.java. Set the read timeout (milliseconds). // so now the txid_header would be a unique uuid for each request, // hard coded here, but also can be as dynamic as you want, // use the 'karate' helper to do a 'safe' get of a 'dynamic' variable, // the 'appId' variable here is expected to have been set via karate-config.js (bootstrap init) and will never change, # second HTTP call, to get a list of 'projects', # if foo is not defined, it will default to 42. Also look at the demo examples, especially dynamic-params.feature - to compare the above approach with how the Cucumber Scenario Outline: can be alternatively used for data-driven tests. This results in easily understandable one-liners, only at the point of need, and to anyone reading the test - it will be clear as to where extra waits have been applied. The dry run report is useful to review the tag coverage of what will be run. See this for an example. Note that jbang itself is super-easy to install and there is even a Zero Install option. Also see value(locator, value) and clear(). This is technically not in the key-value form: multipart field name = 'foo', but logically belongs here in the documentation. Bloating your configuration can lead to loss of performance, and maintainability may suffer. The rest can also be used even in primitive data matches like so: If two cross-hatch # symbols are used as the prefix (for example: ##number), it means that the key is optional or that the value can be null. } The wildcard locators are great when the human-facing visible text is within the HTML element that you want to interact with. This is possible by prefixing contains with a ! Note that the ? Step 5: Now we can run this TestRunner class as JUnit. Karate has enhanced the Cucumber Scenario Outline as follows: These are best explained with examples. During variable creation, the gherkin keyword is optional. And for dealing with binary content - see bytes. This report is useful for troubleshooting and debugging a test because all requests and responses are shown in-line with the steps, along with error messages and the output of print statements. Heres a simple recipe to set up this mechanism on your local machine. Please refer to the wiki: Distributed Testing. You can over-ride it by using the header keyword before the method step. var SimpleDateFormat = Java.type('java.text.SimpleDateFormat'); But note that ##null can be used to represent a convention that many teams adopt, which is that keys with null values are stripped from the JSON payload. You can refer to the Java interface definition of the driver object to better understand what the various operations are. Here is an example of getting the computed style for a given element: For an advanced example of simulating a drag and drop operation see this answer on Stack Overflow. You can even initialize the JSON in a separate step and pass it by name, especially if it is complex. So if you tried to re-use the same feature but with multiple arguments, things will not work as you expect. Since Karate combines API testing capabilities, you can sign-in to your SSO store via a REST end-point, and then drop cookies onto the browser so that you can bypass the user log-in experience. But when you deal with complex, nested JSON (or XML) - it may be easier in some cases to use replace, especially when you want to substitute multiple placeholders with one value, and when you dont need array manipulation. Here is how the example above looks like: Validation can be performed if needed on the response to this HTTP POST which may be HTML, and the karate.extract() API may come in useful. The above methods return a chainable Finder instance. In such cases, you have to use string quotes: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }. Do note that if you choose the Java API, you will naturally lose some of the test-automation framework benefits such as HTML reports, parallel execution and JavaScript / configuration. It is worth mentioning that to do the equivalent of the last line in Java, you would typically have to traverse 2 Java Objects, one of which is within a list, and you would have to check for nulls as well. Since Karate uses Gherkin, you can also employ data-driven techniques such as expressing data-tables in test scripts. Normally in dev mode, you will use your IDE to run a *.feature file directly or via the companion runner JUnit Java class. If the argument passed to the call of a *.feature file is a JSON array, something interesting happens. Also note that this is pure JSON which means that you have excellent IDE support for syntax-coloring, formatting, indenting, and ensuring well-formed-ness. = . english All the methods that return the following Java object types are chain-able. Here is an example that combines the table keyword with calling a *.feature. The solution is to ensure that when Karate tests run, the JVM file.encoding is set to UTF-8. Comma delimited values are supported which can be more convenient, and takes care of URL-encoding and appending / between path segments as needed. Note that the optional(), exists() and locate() APIs are a little different from the other Element actions, because they will not honor any intent to retry() and immediately check the HTML for the given locator. The nice thing here is that it returns a Driver instance, so you can chain any other method and the intent will be clear. # this can be a global re-usable function ! 1+ years experience with Jira . Because Karate strips trailing slashes if part of a path parameter, if you want to append a forward-slash to the end of the URL in the final HTTP request - make sure that the last path is a single /. { You could get by by renaming the file-extension to say *.txt but an alternative is to use the karate.readAsString() API. You can see a demo video here. You can even remove JSON array elements by index. See the section on reading files - and also this example dynamic-csv.feature, which shows off the convenience of dynamic Scenario Outline-s. Since the karate object is injected within karate-config.js on start-up, it is a simple and effective way for other processes within the same JVM to pass configuration values to Karate at run-time. Here is an example: Any Karate variable will be available to the template, which is users.html in this example. And especially when it comes to test-automation, we have found that attempts to apply patterns in the pursuit of code re-use, more often than not - results in hard-to-maintain code, and severely impacts readability. You can also use JSON to set multiple query-parameters in one-line using params and this is especially useful for dynamic data-driven testing. To signal the end of the data, just return null. The default is 30000 (30 seconds). https://randomuser.me/api/portraits/women/34.jpg. Here below is an example that also demonstrates using the multipart/related content-type. And then you have two options. When handling XML, you sometimes need to call XPath functions, for example to get the count of a node-set. If a handler function (returning a boolean) is provided - it will be used to complete the listen wait if true is returned. (not) operator is especially useful for contains and JSON arrays. A common need is to move (or hover) the mouse, and for this you call the move() method. Refer to the section on XPath Functions for examples of advanced XPath usage. There are examples of calling JVM classes in the section on Java Interop and in the file-upload demo. You will typically also match against a specific HTML tag (which is preferred, and faster at run-time). if you want to conditionally stop a test with a descriptive error message, e.g. Heres a reminder that running any single JUnit test via Maven can be done by: Where CatsRunner is the JUnit class name (in any package) you wish to run. For convenience, a string contains match is used. "hotels": [ Wait for the browser JS expression to evaluate to true. Note that this example only does a string equals check on parts of the JSON, but with Karate you are always encouraged to match the entire payload in one step. This has the advantage that you can use pure JsonPath and be more concise. """, """ It is worth repeating that in most cases you wont need to set the Content-Type header as Karate will automatically do the right thing depending on the data-type of the request. In addition to fields,