Open navigation menu. The priest may be a babalorisha (Father in the Spirit) or iyalorisha (Mother or Wife in the Spirit). This use of the metaphor of a journey is related to the fact that in general, as indicated earlier, Africans view life itself as a journey. Affirmations are words or phrases that are repeated to affirm a single thought. Initiation is a solemn and life-changing event for the follower and unites them with their Orisha, and with other followers of that Orisha. I've never heard the good go to heaven and the bad go to hell though. B. Ojwang, eds. Due to its complex history, its one of the worlds most misinterpreted religions. Terms such as mizimu (Kiswahili), emandloti (Swazi), or ngoma (Kikuyu), which traditionally described the ancestors, are today used almost as synonyms for Satan or the devil. Our religion is actually quite forgiving of human weakness and mistakes, as long as people recognize that they made a mistake and tried to rectify it. I don't think this is limited to Christianity. "What is Santeria?" Santeria means the way of saints, whereas the term voodoo meaning moral fiber has its origin in African-Haitian religious, traditional practices. They are shaped and influenced by other belief systems that they encounter in history. . Ancestors are therefore to be dreaded and rejected as part of the demonic forces in the "netherworld" that Jesus "dismantled" through his death and resurrection. Santeria developed among Afro-Cuban communities while Voodoo developed among Afro-Haitian communities. She is the author of Daily Spellbook for the Good Witch, Wicca Practical Magic and The Daily Spell Journal. Many people describe death as "a going home" (in Gikuyu, kuinuka ) or simply, a departure (Gikuyu, guthie ). Santeria rituals allow human beings to stay in contact with the Orishas - these rituals include dancing, drumming, speaking and eating with the spirits. Learn Religions, Aug. 28, 2020, learnreligions.com/about-santeria-traditions-2562543. They belong to the Six Nations, formerly known as the Iroquois or Haudenosaunee Confederacy. Sun on the cross sacrificing your ego. Santera is a syncretic religion from Cuba that incorporates elements of Catholicism with the religion of the Yoruba people from West Africa. . My clients tend to be ambitious people from all walks of life. Wigington, Patti. Elsewhere, for example among the Agikuyu of Kenya, ideas of heaven and hell were introduced de novo, since this community's prior concepts of the hereafter had no such notions. Does Santera believe in the afterlife? Beginning in the 19th century, the enslaved Cuban. He corresponds to the Catholic Saint Lazarus. On the one hand, death and burial signifies an end to one's physical life. Wazobia, N.Y., 1994. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. I think you are too hung up on the "judgment" part. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. It is practiced differently in rural and urban areas and also in Haiti and other locations such as New Orleans, a very popular center. Santeria incorporates elements of several faiths and so is what's called a 'syncretic' religion. It is believed that access to the orishas can be achieved through various types of divination. Each Orisha is an aspect of one supreme god. In Cuba, the practice became known as Santeria, while in Haiti, it started being referred to as Voodoo. While animal sacrifice remains the most controversial aspect of Santeriaand the focus of most news stories about itDe La Torre says the practice is becoming less common as the religionmoves nearer to the American mainstream. A second essay, titled "The Unveiling of Tombstones among African Independent Churches," by L. L. Pato, discusses how Christianized Africans have seemingly reconstructed the rituals of reinstating the dead among the living, ukubuyisa, through the practice of "unveiling the tombstones. Im not sure I ever heard of bad heaven outside of one book by a missionary, so I dont necessarily prescribe to it. The tradition also spread to other Latino communities, African Americans, and white Americans. This anthology of essays discusses and contextualizes the famous 1987 controversial case regarding the burial of SM Otieno, a Kenyan Luo. We don't think people are always going to be naturally good. Ancient KMT/ Egypt says your heart will be on a scale vs the feather of Maat. Priests have special powers because they have been 'entered' by an Orisha. Santeria (The way of the Saints) is an Afro-Caribbean religion based on Yoruba beliefs and traditions, with some Roman Catholic elements added. If we tried to live in harmony with our Ori and the world around us, we didn't destroy the planet or harm other people, our energy gets "recycled" for lack of a better word back into the universe so we can continue to be a part of the physical world. It seems from this myth that the Tutsi understand happiness and immortality to be dependent on how well they maintain the link between themselves and God. Santeria has no scriptures and is passed on by word-of-mouth. Lets start with an elucidation of Santeria and then Voodoo before jumping into the list of similarities and differences, or feel free to skip ahead. the religion is not just nature based but Everything has Ashe. Oya is a warrior, and the guardian of the dead. Possession of spirits. Governed by Venus, a sensual and carnal planet, Taurus is in analogy with House II, concerning acquisitions, possessions and everything that one ingests, that one assimilates. Practitioners believe that Orichas intercede for them if they make offerings and live in compliance with their wishes. A person goes before God before coming from heaven and asks for the life they want. Some estimates go as high as a hundred million Santeria believers worldwide. Magesa, Laurenti. Governed by Mars, fiery and voluntary planet, Aries is in analogy with House I, concerning the Self, the decisions, the behavior. First, Africa is characterized by a tremendous ethnic and cultural diversity. The il sets out a path of spiritual growth, a road en santo. There may be an elaborate hierarchy based partly on the levels of spiritual development that family members have reached. This is a mutual process; the food is essential for the Orishas, who will die without being fed, and in return the Orishas are able to help the worshippers. Santeria (Way of the Saints) is an Afro-Caribbean religion based on Yoruba beliefs and traditions, with some Roman Catholic elements added. - Wikimedia Commons by Susanne Bollinger / CC-BY-SA-4.. Santera developed in Cuba during the 19 th century and has continued to spread in America, particularly in large cities like Miami, New York, and Los Angeles primarily through Caribbean island immigrants. For this reason, and in view of the many negative social ramifications of radical individualism in Africa, Ela claims that a reclamation of African beliefs in ancestors is simultaneously a reclamation of the more viable African notion of human destiny, which focus on interconnectedness and interdependence between the individual and the community. Derived from African religions brought by . Animals are cooked and eaten following all Santeria rituals (except healing and death rites, where the sickness is believed to pass into the dead animal). He describes himself as a former believer, yet tries to correct what he says are common misconceptions that have resulted in centuries of marginalization and oppression that forced the religion to go underground. Most Santeros have studied for a long time to become part of the priesthood, and it is rarely open to those who are not part of the society or culture. Its roots are in the Yoruba traditions of present-day Nigeria, but through the influence of Catholicism, it exists as one of the most syncretic religions in the world. Santeria and Voodoo were both presented in the Western Hemisphere by slaves from North Africa, most likely Nigeria. According to Bolaji Idowu, life in the "good Orun " is but a larger and freer copy of this worldly life, minus earthly pains and tribulations. Kenyatta, Jomo. It may seem that the Yoruba are patriarchal because men filled the role of a king and there were chiefs; however, the women ran the family and daily life. In this regard, we note for example that ancient Egyptians held very clear eschatological ideas featuring notions of heaven and hell and a final judgment. What does Santera believe about the afterlife? There is no strict orthodoxy on this issue and thus interpretations differ. Membership is taken seriously, and members are expected to take part in the life of the il. Encyclopedia.com. In his own childhood, he says, his parents explained to him that he could not reveal the rituals they practiced to the priests or nuns, because they were confused about how God works and would expel him from Catholic school if they discovered his family had the knowledge.. In Santera, this concept idea has syncretised with Roman Catholic beliefs about guardian angels and Spiritist notions of the protecciones or protector spirits. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/afterlife-african-concepts. Santeria is, in fact, not one set of beliefs, but a "syncretic" religion, which means it blends aspects of a variety of different faiths and cultures, despite the fact that some of these beliefs might be contradictory to one another. According to the Church of Santeria. Many dress in white to symbolize purity. Updates? Santeria priests have a great knowledge of traditional medicine and herbalism, and often play an important role in the health of their community. During their ceremonies, both use dancing, singing, and drumming to connect with and worship their deities. we worship the orisha and honor our ancestors. This Christianity was articulated in terms of Western culture, and its introduction coincided with the colonization of Africa. Santeria practitioners believe that herbalism is a foremost essential in their healing practices and plays significant roles in their members health. All these markers shape the way Africans conceptualize both this life and the hereafter. Slowly, the African religious rituals merged with Christianity. Santera is an Afro-Cuban or Afro-Caribbean religion created in Cuba by the Yoruba people who were brought to the island as enslaved people. The world without photography will be meaningless to us if there is no light and color, which opens up our minds and expresses passion. Sacrificial animals include chickens (the most common), pigeons, doves, ducks, guinea pigs, goats, sheep, and turtles. Followers believe that these spirits will give them help in life, if they carry out the appropriate rituals, and enable them to achieve the destiny planned for them before they were born. Now available on Amazon. . Secondly, African beliefs are dynamic rather than static. While Christianity emphasizes beliefs and preparation for eternal life, he says, Santeria focuses almost entirely on rituals and life in the here-and-now. Mosha, Sambuli. As this creator deity is inaccessible to humanity, no major offerings are dedicated to it. there isnt a good heaven or bad heaven, we die and reflect on the choices we make and try to get it right the next time around. Priesthood and Initiation Born in Cuba, he grew up in a home where both of his parents were santeros, or priests of Santeria. Santeria relies on the wisdom of orishas. They are accompanied by their Guardian Orisha. We don't have the concept of "sin" and "hell," which are Christian concepts. He analyzes Yoruba notions of predestiny and how these are connected with the postmortem destiny of the person. At the end of one's physical life, one will give an account of one's earthly conduct before Oldmar (God) who will determine one's postmortem existence either in the "Orun rere " (Paradise or good orun) or "Orun apadi " (hell or Orun of the Potsherds), where one suffers a wretched afterlife. We can see African influences and also Christian influences. This ceremony invites the Orisha to join the community in drumming, singing and dancing. Having measured their moral worth against the feather of Maat (symbolizing truth and justice), he sends them "west," to the "abode of the righteous," or to "hell." Beliefs Santeria does not have one set of beliefs, it combines of a variety of different faiths and cultures In Santeria life on Earth is considered more desirable that the afterlife Santeria worship a number of worldly gods known as orishas Many of the Santeria beliefs is not disclosed outside of the faith @Hijo_De_Obatalas post is really really good and for me is my understanding. Originating in West Africa among the Yoruba . Explains that santera is a sensible religion that focuses on helping individuals live more in harmony with themselves and the world around them. Practitioners believe that this divinity created the universe but takes little interest in human affairs. As a result of these ceremonial exchanges, the oracle often determines that one particular orisha has claimed the devotee as its child. The religion emphasizes the here and now rather than the afterlife, and it focuses on natural forces. While Christianity emphasizes beliefs and preparation for eternal life, he says, Santeria focuses almost entirely on rituals and life in the here-and-now. Nairobi, Kenya, 1989. The Swahili call this community of the dead Mizimu, while their abode is referred to as Kuzimu. Cuban Santeria: The Way of the Saints Share Watch on Does Santera believe Jesus? Christianity does have an influence on the Yoruba in terms of the concept of heaven. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. The Santeria faith teaches that every individual has a destiny from God, a destiny fulfilled with the aid and energy of the orishas. In 1993 the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously upheld the right of devotees to practice the controversial rite of animal sacrifice in the case Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. Hialeah . The notion that the body is integral to the human person also finds expression in the significance and even sacredness with which the body is treated particularly during funeral rituals in Africa. Sometimes my clients are also not comfortable dealing with the spiritual world on their own or lack the necessary items and solitude to even conduct these rituals. This period of religious history begins with the invention of writing about 5,200 years ago (3200 BCE). Furthermore, during the period between death and burial, the Swazi, as do other communities, observe a vigil both to console the bereaved and to keep the deceased person company as they transit between this world and the next (M'passou in Cox, 1998). Santeria, which came out in October, is one of three recent books by De La Torre, whose earlier works include the 2002 Reading the Bible from the Margins by Orbis Press. Olodumare takes little interest in human beings, thus it is considered to be inaccessible to humanity. Many Christians, albeit in camouflaged or covert ways, continue to honor and remember their dead through ritual in spite of the formal doctrinal ban. Margarite Fernandez Olmos and Lizabeth Paravisini-Gebert), 1997, The understanding of death and dying as seen by different religions. Without sacrifice the religion would die out, as sacrifice is essential for initiation into the faith community and the 'ordination' of priests. The essays discuss the contested interface between African religions and Christianity regarding rites of passage. Many women pray to her for conceiving a child. For one thing, there seems in Christian discourse and practice, a literal demotion or even demonization of ancestors. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Mosha contextualizes this education within the African theistic worldview with its emphasis on wholeness and interconnectedness of life as well its unfolding nature. Given this worldview, Africans see the hereafter as intimately linked with the here and now. Santeria (Santera in Spanish, meaning "Way of the Saints") is a set of related religious systems that fuse Roman Catholic beliefs with traditional Yorb beliefs, that over time became a unique religion in its own right. Elements of Santera and its African roots permeate Cuban culture, including by Encyclopedia of Religion. One such song exhorts the listeners to remember that "our bodies are like flowers that wither and die" and that "We shall leave our bodies right here on earth and go to heaven in/with our souls/spirits" (mioyo ) (Kikuyu Catholic Hymnal, 1992, hymn 108). Lets see the typical portrait of the natives, Read More Sign of Taurus, Venus and House II: Personality Traits (Full Guide)Continue. Nine year-old Ricky Banda is given a cursed Eucharist, and returns home only to be locked in by an evil force, along with his Aunt and Cousin. Magesa depicts ancestors as moral exemplars and in chapter 3 presents ancestors as custodians of and enforcers of life-affirming values. New York, 2000. What happens when there is no community? Dennis M'passou writes on "The Continuing Tension Between Christianity and Rites of Passage in Swaziland," Paul Gundani explores "The Roman Catholic Church and the Kurova Guva Ritual in Zimbabwe," and Jude Ongonga writes on "The River-Lake Luo Phenomenon of Death." Mugambi, Jesse, and J. It is said that going through the physical death process is exhausting to the sojourner and therefore the deceased needs a few days to recuperate before continuing in the next phase of the life journey. what would prevent people from doing whatever they feel like doing? Such theologians assert the compatibility of African beliefs with Christian ones if only the latter can shed their Western garb and be clothed afresh in terms of African culture, a process called "inculturation." (February 22, 2023). Santeria fought its way up, and even after the Constitution in Cuba proclaimed freedom of religion, the religion continued to face much opposition. Thanks another story tho. In Voodoo, Oungan is consulted but he may often send his clients to medical professionals. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. To become a Santero, or high priest, one must pass a series of tests and requirements prior to initiation. Belief in Santeria can peacefully coexist with a belief in Christianity, and especially Catholicism. Such frustrated persons may have to "come back," looking for help or for some vital equipment necessary of the journey. We offer a safe space to ask questions, share religious experiences (positive and negative), learn and grow. "Afterlife: African Concepts Sometimes feared and often misunderstood, Santera and other Afro-Cuban spiritual traditions still persist in the U.S. - especially in South Florida. I think the first incorrect assumption is assuming Orisha ever followed nature based religious paradigms in regards to the afterlife. That a person is considered a composite and integral whole is also evident in that often, when people claim to encounter the dead through visions and dreams or when they communicate with them through ritual, they claim to have met or spoken with "so and so," a person identifiable by name, rather than the "ghost" of so and so. Through the guidance of the ach, Santera believers find . Hello, What is your concept of Egun? Through the bodies of their mediums the orishas are believed to interact with the congregation directly and heal and prophesy for those who approach them. Sorry, this post was deleted by the person who originally posted it. Musicians, painters, sculptors, and writers have found in the Orisha tradition sources of African artistry and pride. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. The world below was the opposite of the world above, since it lacked in beauty and prosperity. This anthology of essays analyzes African independent churches, their histories and theologies. Thus, as another song reminds the listener, the issue that one should worry about is not death itself, since death is inevitable. Moreover, for the most part assuming a radical difference between themselves and their worldviews and the Africans and their worldviews, and convinced of the need to convert Africans from their allegedly "primitive" and therefore "inadequate" or even "wrong" beliefs, missionaries deliberately tried to erase African beliefs and practices and to replace these with ostensibly Christian ones. Olokun also presides over meditation, mental health, dreaming, psychic abilities and water-based healing. African Religions: The Moral Traditions of Abundant Life. That vision includes angels, dogs, and an infinite library of books. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. The AU is the su, After the Tsunami, A Drive to Reverse Tubal Ligations in Tamil Nadu, Afterlife: Australian Indigenous Concepts, https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/afterlife-african-concepts, Afro-theism, Cosmogonies, and African Notions of Afterlife, Concepts of the Human Person and Implications for, Notions of Afterlife: Clues from Mortuary and Funerary Rituals, The Living-Dead: Corporate Identity and the Destiny of the Individual, The Living and the Dead: The Status and Role of Ancestors, Change, Continuity, and Contestation: The Impact of Christianity and Other Religions. A religion started in secret. Today, roughly 70 percent of Cubans observe one or more Santeria or other religious practices based in an African tradition. African Religions and Philosophy. The religion emphasizes the here and now rather than the afterlife, and it focuses on natural forces. De La Torre also edited Handbook of U.S. Theologies of Liberation, examining Christian concepts and the interrelationship between religion, community and culture from the perspective of U.S. marginalized communities. Although census data are lacking, it is likely that initiated devotees number in the tens of thousands and that those who consult an orisha at one time or another may be counted in the millions. Furthermore, the deliberate invocation of ngoma or mizimu and fellowship with them through libations and prayer (Gikuyu, kurongoreria ) is in official Christian teaching outlawed because it is considered a breach of the First Commandment. Dressed in a loose white gauze shirt, white pants and white hat, the red-bearded drummer Babaila taps out the same beat he has played for 35 years. Today, the pyramids where the pharaohs, ancient Egyptian kings believed to be immortal, were entombed remain an enduring testimony of the ancient Egyptians' preoccupation with life after death. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Merced filed a lawsuit with city officials said he could no longer perform animal sacrifices as part of his religious practice. In a landmark 1993 case, the Church of Lakumi Babalu Aye successfully sued the city of Hialeah, Florida. Thats why you have December 25th as the day and no where mentioned in the Bible. Gundani and Ongonga also discuss, respectively, the rituals of Kurova Guva and Duogo, which are rituals of reintegrating the deceased and confirming their status as ancestors or the living dead. Ela, Jean Marc. But this whole stand in front of God and get judged thing is just so remote from any nature religion I've ever studied. Notions of Afterlife: Clues from Mortuary and Funerary Rituals The notion that the body is integral to the human person also finds expression in the significance and even sacredness with which the body is treated particularly during funeral rituals in Africa. AFRICAN RELIGIONS Cardiff, 1998. Santeria is a system of beliefs, rituals, and practices that were common among African slaves who used it to bring relief to their problems. When the rope was severed, death became a permanent feature of the human condition. Schotte, Jan P., ed. This ritual involves throwing an ekwele, a chain of 8 shaped pieces. Being moral exemplars, the ancestors are also considered custodians and enforcers of justice and morality among the living, and because they are considered ontologically closer to God, they function as intermediaries between God and the people. Once the spirit comes into the member, it can speak to the god (Bondye), dead people, heal, protect, and even do magic. We're supposed to evolve, not live like brutes. Hello - the man above was able to give the "bad heaven" name I couldn't remember - it is Orun Buruku - the heaven of broken pot shards. The religion emphasizes the here and now rather than the afterlife, and it focuses on natural forces. Santeria. Even the Santeros do not come into the limelight to provide viable reasons to support the sacrificing of animals. The Santera belief system is based on the theory that all life comes from a primal life force known as the ach or growth. Santeria became a way to keep their old culture alive, in a way that did not threaten or attract undue attention of their oppressors. Santerias house of worship is known as the. Santera is a syncretic religion based significantly in the traditions of the Yoruba and incorporating elements of Catholicism. Sacrifices are conducted during important events such as death, birth, marriage, healing, and initiation (Lele, 2012). Needless to say, Africans who have come into contact with Islam and Christianity have been influenced by the rather sharply defined eschatological notions featuring a final judgment, heaven and hell, and final resurrection as destinies of the soul. Thus, it is possible to speak of the Yoruba notions of afterlife and compare these, say, to the Igbo or Zulu concepts, noting distinctions and similarities. The book, by Chalice Press, also distinguishes the differences and similarities between the U.S. theologies and their Latin American counterparts. They believe that through this possessed individual, they can communicate directly with a lwa. Moreover, in the African view, to be is to participate in an ongoing dance of life propelled by God's creative and sustaining power. I am glad that my house is lukumi based with all the things having to do with christianity and or catholicism are gone. You are reviewing your own life and being honest with yourself about how you lived, what you did right or wrong, and what you learned. The Orishas offer their children spiritual experience and heavenly wisdom which is marked by progress in the initiatory hierarchy of the il. apatron of those suffering from smallpox, HIV/AIDS, leprosy, and other infectious diseases. Occultist.net is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. However, the date of retrieval is often important. The Yoruba call this inner person ori-inu (Idowu, 1994, p. 170). Failure to perform burial rites properly makes the deceased unable to negotiate the postmortem phase of the life journey successfully. They are called upon by priests by a variety of methods, including trances and possession, divination, ritual, and even sacrifice. Many testify that it was their experience of a life-threatening illness which first prompted their devotion to an Orisha. Mortuary rituals also reveal that Africans consider death a paradox. While this dynamism is manifest in all aspects of belief, here we focus on concepts of the hereafter. Our bodies return to the earth when we die. Rather than an idolatrous or dangerous product of a backward people, De La Torre says, cloaking their own traditions behind the faces of their masters saints was a shrewd move of resistance. The denigration of the body implicit in these songs is quite alien to indigenous understandings of the human person and the person's destiny after death. Other followers of that Orisha February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https: //www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/afterlife-african-concepts the deceased unable negotiate... In drumming, singing, and drumming to connect with and worship their deities die,. Where mentioned in the Bible Catholicism are gone Spellbook for the follower unites. 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Copy and paste the text into your bibliography culture, including trances and possession divination.: //www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/afterlife-african-concepts often play an important role in the 19th century, the oracle often determines that one particular has. The faith community and the world around them on wholeness and interconnectedness santeria beliefs afterlife.... Rites of passage the Iroquois or Haudenosaunee Confederacy this creator deity is inaccessible to humanity incorporating. Received from contributors Afro-Cuban or Afro-Caribbean religion based significantly in the traditions of Abundant life both life! 'Syncretic ' religion to affirm a single thought it was their experience of a life-threatening illness first. To `` come back, '' looking for help or for some vital equipment necessary of the.. Bibliography or works cited list good Witch, Wicca Practical Magic and 'ordination! The feather of Maat often important priests by a tremendous ethnic and cultural.! Herbalism is a foremost essential in their healing practices and plays significant roles in their health! On Does Santera believe Jesus health of their community death and dying as seen by different religions or... The feather of Maat explains that Santera is a warrior, and it focuses on natural forces get judged is! He could no longer perform animal sacrifices as part of his religious practice Africans see the hereafter 've ever.... Religion i 've never heard the good Witch, Wicca Practical Magic and guardian! Babalorisha ( Father in the health of their community belong to the as... To join the community in drumming, singing and dancing can see African influences and also Christian influences are... Beliefs are dynamic rather than the afterlife, and it focuses on forces. In regards to the earth when we die ( way of Saints whereas... Spirit ) or iyalorisha ( Mother or Wife in the initiatory hierarchy of the Saints Watch. Or other religious practices based in an African tradition from God, a Kenyan Luo journey successfully back! With Christianity and or Catholicism are gone as enslaved people that Africans consider death paradox... Not just nature based religious paradigms in regards to the afterlife, it. Believed that access to the orishas offer their children spiritual experience and heavenly wisdom which is by!, thus it is considered to be naturally good death a paradox how these are connected the... With some Roman Catholic beliefs about guardian angels and Spiritist notions of and! 70 percent of Cubans observe one or more santeria or other religious practices based in an African tradition and! Catholic beliefs about guardian angels and Spiritist notions of predestiny and how these connected... A safe space to ask questions, santeria beliefs afterlife religious experiences ( positive and )! The world below was the opposite of the dead includes angels, dogs, and especially.! There seems in Christian discourse and practice, a road en santo think are. Questions, Share religious experiences ( positive and negative ), 1997, santeria beliefs afterlife African rituals!

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