Dimuccio, R.A.B., "The Study of Appeasement in International Relations: Polemics, Paradigms, and Problems". Also, if there had been no appeasement policy and Britain had declared war on Germany earlier, Hitler would have a lot lesser support for his war. [52] British communists, following the party line defined by Joseph Stalin,[57] argued that appeasement had been a pro-fascist policy and that the British ruling class preferred fascism to socialism. Germany was seen as to push forward and in line with British national interest. May it not be that our nations have learned something from that lesson?" When asked for details, he did not reply. The book defined appeasement as the "deliberate surrender of small nations in the face of Hitler's blatant bullying". Appeasement was the right policy for Britain in 1938. [9] In Parliament, the Labour Party opposed the agreement. To make their presence more evident, the Munich Agreement would be the best diplomatic solution forward, agree? You will develop a claim, using evidence, to answer the question: Was appeasement the right policy for England in 1938? Appeasement came to be seen as something to be avoided by those with responsibility for the diplomacy of Britain or any other democratic country. [77] The spectre of appeasement was raised in discussions of the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s. Almost no country was able to afford to go to war at that point of time as they were rebuilding their infrastructure and economy which fell after The Great Depression and WW1. If Britain and France were firm and held a united front they could have stopped Hitler when he moved troops into the Rhineland. answered Essential Question: Was appeasement the right policy for England in 1938? However, General Joseph Vuillemin, air force chief of staff, warned that it was far inferior and consistently opposed war against Germany. Review Guiding Questions and read excerpts. Hugh Dalton, a Labour Party MP who usually advocated stiff resistance to Germany, said that neither the British people nor Labour would support military or economic sanctions. Instead, it only postponed the war, which was actually a bad thing. Please make reference to at least three of the primary source documents in your essay. You have a point, but they would not have been able to know that they can overpower Germany since Hitler was already in the process of his aggressive Expansionist Policy. Was appeasement the right choice for England in the 1930s? How horrible, fantastic, incredible it is that we should be digging trenches and trying on gas masks here because of a quarrel in a far-away country between people of whom we know nothing. If the policy is up-to-date (i.e. His expansionist policies could be seen taking place right in front of British eyes, but their politicians were so paranoid about war that they did not do anything about it. Why was the appeasement the right policy for England in 1938? I don't think it was the best decision, not to mention immoral, but it was the best they could do. Develop Hypothesis #1, drawing from Documents A and B. This is because first of all, Hitler was not a man you could appease. Was Appeasement the Right Policy for England in 1938? However the appeasement directly led to the start of WW2, appeasement was unnecessary because at that point in time the Germans were unable to retaliate against any attack. Review Guiding Questions and read excerpts. When the German Empire and Austria-Hungary were broken up in 1918, Austria was left as a rump state with the temporary adopted name Deutschsterreich ("German-Austria"), with the vast majority of Austrians wanting to join Germany. ", Record, Jeffrey. [86][87], After the Viet Minh won the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower wrote in a letter to British Prime Minister Churchill, "We failed to halt Hirohito, Mussolini, and Hitler by not acting in unity and in time. Had they known about Hitler's tactics, they would not have tried appeasement. Barros, Andrew, Talbot C. Imlay, Evan Resnick, Norrin M. Ripsman, and Jack S. Levy. This is supported by the fact that the British had low moral due to WW1 and did not have the spirit to start another war, the Great depression had hit and a war was expensive, and the fact that nobody in general wanted ti start another war due to the memories of the first WW. Why or Why Not? [66] For example,>Lord Halifax>told radio producers not to offend Hitler and Mussolini, and they complied by censoring anti-fascist commentary made by Labour and Popular Front MPs. The Heritage Foundation's Michael Johns, for instance, wrote in 1987 that "seven years after Ronald Reagan's arrival in Washington, the United States government and its allies are still dominated by the culture of appeasement that drove Neville Chamberlain to Munich in 1938. Rebuilding a strong economy was also necessary to survive the oncoming war to allow themselves to rebuild and rearm post-war. Ideology and british appeasement in the 1930s. The media emphasised the dangers, and the general consensus was that defence was impossible and, as Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin had said in 1932, "The bomber will always get through". Lithuanian diplomacy characterized the concession as a "necessary evil" to enable Lithuania to preserve its independence, and it maintained the hope that it was merely a temporary retreat. In 1937, Stanley Baldwin resigned as Prime Minister. At a Nazi party rally in Nuremberg on 12 September, Hitler made a speech attacking Czechoslovakia[16] and there was an increase of violence by Sudeten Nazis against Czechoslovak and Jewish targets. It could be said that he believed sincerely that the objectives of Hitler and Mussolini were limited and that the settlement of their grievances would protect the world from war since for safety, military and air power should be strengthened. Later in the day, Hitler resiled by saying that he was willing to accept the cession of the Sudetenland by 1 October. The guarantees given to Poland by Britain and France marked the end of the policy of appeasement. Even if they went to war, the war would have ended much earlier and the British might not have suffered such drastic losses. The crisis in the British global position by this time was such that it was, in the last resort, insoluble, in the sense that there was no good or proper solution". [77], In May 2008, U.S. President George W. Bush cautioned against "the false comfort of appeasement" when dealing with Iran and Appeasement was not the right policy for England in 1938. British Home Secretary, Samuel Hoare, said, "These five men, working together in Europe and blessed in their efforts by the President of the United States of America, might make themselves eternal benefactors of the human race". This also means that by just merely challenging Hitler, Britain would have an advantage over Germany to win the war. However, it favoured appeasement because it did not want to commit a large fraction of its naval power to the Mediterranean Sea, which would weaken its positions against Germany and Japan. User content, unless source quoted, licensed under a. [22] On the other hand, the same survey also found that 58.7% of British voters favoured "collective military sanctions" against aggressors, and public reaction to the Hoare-Laval Pact with Mussolini was extremely unfavorable. Appeasement was the right policy for Britain in 1938 as it bought the British time to build up its industrial capabilities and also to prepare the economy for war. But appeasement was pursued to prevent war. The goal was that in a European war Britain would enjoy the "benevolent neutrality" of whichever side won in Spain.[10]. Thou they had weapons, they may not have the finance to protect their people or recover from the war.They also would not have the support of the people as many lives were lost in the previous world war, and were not willing to step into another. History US History HIS 203 7 Attachments 1 2 3 4 To follow along, you may find it helpful to. (agree) Based on the assessment of political will and military power if the other countries back in 1938, Britain and France were simply not ready for a war, and were unwilling to fight a war. The Polish city of Wielu after German bombing September 1, Chamberlains policy of appeasement was controversial at the time and has been debated by historians, and policymakers ever since the Munich Agreement. Such a collapse will bring peace or security neither to the UK nor to France". Was appeasement the right policy for England in 1938? However, even if Britain were to go to war immediately, they would not have the financial capabilities to do so. But what they attempted was logical, rational, and humane". Hitler blatantly violated the Treaty of Versailles, had an Anschluss with Austria which clearly showed that Hitler's interests was in the expansion and strengthening of Germany and re-militarized (which was clearly a challenge to Britain's position in Europe). 8, August 2009, "Twilight of Truth: Chamberlain, Appeasement and The Manipulation of the Press | Richard Cockett", "A quietening effect? To vote for an argument, use these icons: Debate scores, side scores and tag scores are automatically calculated by an algorithm that primarily takes argument scores into account. Although, we now know that in hindsight, it was perhaps a bad move as it egged on Hitler to persue a much more aggressive policy, at the time it was the correct choice. 2. The appeasement policy was the right and one of the best policy in 1938. This was because Britain was still suffering from the experience of WW1 and they were trying to rearm properly. In September, the British received assurance that the General Staff's offer to launch the coup still stood with key private sector police and army support, even though Beck had resigned his post. [36], Chamberlain's policy in many respects continued the policies of MacDonald and Baldwin and was popular until the failure of the Munich Agreement to stop Hitler in Czechoslovakia. By showing that appeasement was a popular policy and that there was a continuity in British foreign policy after 1933, he shattered the common view of the appeasers as a small degenerate clique that had mysteriously hijacked the British government sometime in the 1930s that had carried out their policies in the face of massive public resistance. The Communist MP Willie Gallacher said that "many prominent representatives of the Conservative Party, speaking for powerful landed and financial interests in the country, would welcome Hitler and the German Army if they believed that such was the only alternative to the establishment of Socialism in this country". Johns, Michael, "Peace in Our Time: The Spirit of Munich Lives On", Murray, Williamson. The policy of collective security ran in parallel with measures to achieve international disarmament and, if possible, was to be based on economic sanctions against an aggressor. 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