karate framework for ui automationrent to own mobile homes in tuscaloosa alabama

When re-running tests in development mode and when your test suite depends on say an Authorization header set by karate.callSingle(), you can cache the results locally to a file, which is very convenient when your auth token is valid for a period of a few minutes - which typically is the case. Instead of using call (or callonce) you are always free to call JavaScript functions normally and then you can use more than one argument. This roughly corresponds to a cURL argument of -F @myFile=test.pdf. Since this is a frequently asked question, the different ways of being able to re-use code (or data) are summarized below. Here is one suggested pattern you can adopt. REST-style path parameters. See also responseStatus if you want to do some complex assertions against the HTTP status code. . Karate is an open-source tool which combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. Note that the karate-config.js is re-processed for every Scenario and in rare cases, you may want to initialize (e.g. - Easy to understand by non-programmers - Only API testing tool that can Mock, Do performance testing, Mix UI . Karate is an open-source framework for API Test automation that uses BDD style syntax, has a rich assertion library, built-in HTML reports. The static method com.intuit.karate.Runner.runFeature() is best explained in this demo unit-test: JavaApiTest.java. Set the read timeout (milliseconds). // so now the txid_header would be a unique uuid for each request, // hard coded here, but also can be as dynamic as you want, // use the 'karate' helper to do a 'safe' get of a 'dynamic' variable, // the 'appId' variable here is expected to have been set via karate-config.js (bootstrap init) and will never change, # second HTTP call, to get a list of 'projects', # if foo is not defined, it will default to 42. Also look at the demo examples, especially dynamic-params.feature - to compare the above approach with how the Cucumber Scenario Outline: can be alternatively used for data-driven tests. This results in easily understandable one-liners, only at the point of need, and to anyone reading the test - it will be clear as to where extra waits have been applied. The dry run report is useful to review the tag coverage of what will be run. See this for an example. Note that jbang itself is super-easy to install and there is even a Zero Install option. Also see value(locator, value) and clear(). This is technically not in the key-value form: multipart field name = 'foo', but logically belongs here in the documentation. Bloating your configuration can lead to loss of performance, and maintainability may suffer. The rest can also be used even in primitive data matches like so: If two cross-hatch # symbols are used as the prefix (for example: ##number), it means that the key is optional or that the value can be null. } The wildcard locators are great when the human-facing visible text is within the HTML element that you want to interact with. This is possible by prefixing contains with a ! Note that the ? Step 5: Now we can run this TestRunner class as JUnit. Karate has enhanced the Cucumber Scenario Outline as follows: These are best explained with examples. During variable creation, the gherkin keyword is optional. And for dealing with binary content - see bytes. This report is useful for troubleshooting and debugging a test because all requests and responses are shown in-line with the steps, along with error messages and the output of print statements. Heres a simple recipe to set up this mechanism on your local machine. Please refer to the wiki: Distributed Testing. You can over-ride it by using the header keyword before the method step. var SimpleDateFormat = Java.type('java.text.SimpleDateFormat'); But note that ##null can be used to represent a convention that many teams adopt, which is that keys with null values are stripped from the JSON payload. You can refer to the Java interface definition of the driver object to better understand what the various operations are. Here is an example of getting the computed style for a given element: For an advanced example of simulating a drag and drop operation see this answer on Stack Overflow. You can even initialize the JSON in a separate step and pass it by name, especially if it is complex. So if you tried to re-use the same feature but with multiple arguments, things will not work as you expect. Since Karate combines API testing capabilities, you can sign-in to your SSO store via a REST end-point, and then drop cookies onto the browser so that you can bypass the user log-in experience. But when you deal with complex, nested JSON (or XML) - it may be easier in some cases to use replace, especially when you want to substitute multiple placeholders with one value, and when you dont need array manipulation. Here is how the example above looks like: Validation can be performed if needed on the response to this HTTP POST which may be HTML, and the karate.extract() API may come in useful. The above methods return a chainable Finder instance. In such cases, you have to use string quotes: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }. Do note that if you choose the Java API, you will naturally lose some of the test-automation framework benefits such as HTML reports, parallel execution and JavaScript / configuration. It is worth mentioning that to do the equivalent of the last line in Java, you would typically have to traverse 2 Java Objects, one of which is within a list, and you would have to check for nulls as well. Since Karate uses Gherkin, you can also employ data-driven techniques such as expressing data-tables in test scripts. Normally in dev mode, you will use your IDE to run a *.feature file directly or via the companion runner JUnit Java class. If the argument passed to the call of a *.feature file is a JSON array, something interesting happens. Also note that this is pure JSON which means that you have excellent IDE support for syntax-coloring, formatting, indenting, and ensuring well-formed-ness. = . english All the methods that return the following Java object types are chain-able. Here is an example that combines the table keyword with calling a *.feature. The solution is to ensure that when Karate tests run, the JVM file.encoding is set to UTF-8. Comma delimited values are supported which can be more convenient, and takes care of URL-encoding and appending / between path segments as needed. Note that the optional(), exists() and locate() APIs are a little different from the other Element actions, because they will not honor any intent to retry() and immediately check the HTML for the given locator. The nice thing here is that it returns a Driver instance, so you can chain any other method and the intent will be clear. # this can be a global re-usable function ! 1+ years experience with Jira . Because Karate strips trailing slashes if part of a path parameter, if you want to append a forward-slash to the end of the URL in the final HTTP request - make sure that the last path is a single /. { You could get by by renaming the file-extension to say *.txt but an alternative is to use the karate.readAsString() API. You can see a demo video here. You can even remove JSON array elements by index. See the section on reading files - and also this example dynamic-csv.feature, which shows off the convenience of dynamic Scenario Outline-s. Since the karate object is injected within karate-config.js on start-up, it is a simple and effective way for other processes within the same JVM to pass configuration values to Karate at run-time. Here is an example: Any Karate variable will be available to the template, which is users.html in this example. And especially when it comes to test-automation, we have found that attempts to apply patterns in the pursuit of code re-use, more often than not - results in hard-to-maintain code, and severely impacts readability. You can also use JSON to set multiple query-parameters in one-line using params and this is especially useful for dynamic data-driven testing. To signal the end of the data, just return null. The default is 30000 (30 seconds). https://randomuser.me/api/portraits/women/34.jpg. Here below is an example that also demonstrates using the multipart/related content-type. And then you have two options. When handling XML, you sometimes need to call XPath functions, for example to get the count of a node-set. If a handler function (returning a boolean) is provided - it will be used to complete the listen wait if true is returned. (not) operator is especially useful for contains and JSON arrays. A common need is to move (or hover) the mouse, and for this you call the move() method. Refer to the section on XPath Functions for examples of advanced XPath usage. There are examples of calling JVM classes in the section on Java Interop and in the file-upload demo. You will typically also match against a specific HTML tag (which is preferred, and faster at run-time). if you want to conditionally stop a test with a descriptive error message, e.g. Heres a reminder that running any single JUnit test via Maven can be done by: Where CatsRunner is the JUnit class name (in any package) you wish to run. For convenience, a string contains match is used. "hotels": [ Wait for the browser JS expression to evaluate to true. Note that this example only does a string equals check on parts of the JSON, but with Karate you are always encouraged to match the entire payload in one step. This has the advantage that you can use pure JsonPath and be more concise. """, """ It is worth repeating that in most cases you wont need to set the Content-Type header as Karate will automatically do the right thing depending on the data-type of the request. In addition to fields, field may either be on the right or below the label depending on whether the container element had enough width to fit both on the same horizontal line. For a proxy that requires authentication, set the, The charset that will be sent in the request, HTTP requests and responses (including headers) will appear in the HTML report, default. var squares = []; The above example can be re-factored in a very elegant way as follows, using Karates native support for JavaScript: The great thing here is that the innnerText() function can be defined in a common feature which all your scripts can re-use. And this example may make it clear why using Karate itself to drive even your UI-tests may be a good idea. Use the webDriverSession property in those cases. Keep in mind that these are tests (not production code) and this config is going to be maintained more by the dev or QE team instead of the ops or operations team. Refer to the cats-java.feature demo for an example. And with the its latest update, Karate also supports UI test automationmaking it a true, end-to-end unified testing framework . Here is a summary of what the different shapes mean in Karate: There is no need to prefix variable names with $ on the left-hand-side of match statements because it is implied. Default value is, Skip comparison for this field even if the data element or JSON key is present, Expects actual (string) value to conform to the UUID format, Expects actual (string) value to match the regular-expression STR (see examples above), Expects the JavaScript expression EXPR to evaluate to true, see, The parent of self or current item in the list, relevant when using, useful to create lists out of items (which can be lists as well), see, useful to append to a list-like variable (that has to exist) in scope, see, returns only unique items out of an array of strings or numbers, embeds the object (can be raw bytes or an image) into the JSON report output, see this, gets the value (read-only) of the environment property karate.env, and this is typically used for bootstrapping, for really advanced needs, you can programmatically generate a snippet of JavaScript which can be evaluated at run-time, you can find an example. The first option using shared scope should be fine for most projects, but if you want to name space your functions, use isolated scope: You can even move commonly used routines into karate-config.js which means that they become global. And if you have a Scenario Outline, this happens for every row in the Examples. Of course it is an option to have Karate tests in a separate stand-alone maven project and folder, while still being in the same Git repository. var foo = function(v){ return v * v }; We need to use assertion to validate the response data. They can be very useful in some situations. The following short-cut is also supported which will disable all logs: When you use a re-usable feature that has commonly used utilities, you may want to hide this completely from the HTML reports. All we need to do now is to tell Chrome to intercept some URL patterns and use the above mock-server feature-file: The entire example can be found here - and here is a video. This will fail the test if the element does not appear after the configured number of re-tries have been attempted. The result JSON will be in the form: { x: '#number', y: '#number', width: '#number', height: '#number' }. The need to wait until some text appears is so common, and with this - you dont need to worry about dealing with white-space such as line-feeds and invisible tab characters. For performance reasons, you can implement enableForUri() so that this activates only for some URL patterns. for simulating check-boxes and multi-selects): You can also dynamically set multiple fields in one step using the form fields keyword. String interpolation will support variables in scope and / or the Examples (including functions defined globally, but not functions defined in the background). Note that embedded expressions will be evaluated even when you read() from a JSON or XML file. The following method signatures are available on the karate JS object to obtain a websocket client: These will init a websocket client for the given url and optional subProtocol. Also take a look at how a special case of embedded-expressions can remove key-value pairs from a JSON (or XML) payload: Remove if Null. If you are familiar with Cucumber (JVM), you may be wondering if you need to write step-definitions. } Refer to conditional logic for more ideas. The Background is optional. Look at how the path did not need to be specified for the second HTTP get call since /cats is part of the url. - Karate is BDD testing framework - Developer by Peter Thomas in 2017 (intuit). mass Here is an example of using the call keyword to invoke another feature file, loaded using the read function: If you find this hard to understand at first, try looking at this set of examples. { id: { domain: "DOM", type: "entityId", value: "#ignore" }, Will poll using the retry() settings configured. And you can even chain a retry() before the waitForUrl() if you know that it is going to take a long time: This is very convenient to use for the first element you need to interact with on a freshly-loaded page. Note how we unpack the kittens and use it to data drive the Scenario Outline. JSON can be combined with the ability to call other *.feature files to achieve dynamic data-driven testing in Karate. Note: In POST API request, we have to provide the body (payload). To create paginated pdf document from the page loaded. Unlike other API testing tool like Cucumber, JBehave and Specflow, Karate has written all step definitions so we dont have to write it. One indicator of a good automation framework is how much work a developer needs to do in order to perform any automation action - such as clicking a button, or retrieving the value of some HTML object / property. The following scenario will make this clear. Here below is the equivalent of the above, done the hard way: The built-in DockerTarget is a good example of how to: Controlling this flow from Java can take a lot of complexity out your build pipeline and keep things cross-platform. using the set keyword. If you have to set a bunch of deeply nested keys, you can move the parent path to the top, next to the set keyword and save a lot of typing ! } We will use this page: https://www.seleniumeasy.com/test/dynamic-data-loading-demo.html - as an example. A very rare need is to be able to convert a string which happens to be in YAML form into JSON, and this can be done via the yaml type cast keyword. { for advanced users - scripts can introspect the tags that apply to the current scope, refer to this example: for even more advanced users - Karate natively supports tags in a, when you want to get the absolute OS path to the argument which could even have a prefix such as, converts a JSON string or map-like object into a Java object, given the Java class name as the second argument, refer to this, converts a JSON array (of objects) or a list-like object into a CSV string, writing this to a file is your responsibility or you could use, rarely used, when you need to pass a JS function to custom Java code, typically for, for advanced conditional logic when object types are dynamic and not known in advance, see, returns only the values of a map-like object (or itself if a list-like object), will wait until the URL is ready to accept HTTP connections, will wait until the host:port is ready to accept socket connections, the current iteration index (starts from 0) if being called in a loop, will be, Java knowledge is not required and even non-programmers can write tests, Scripts are plain-text, require no compilation step or IDE, and teams can collaborate using Git / standard SCM, Based on the popular Cucumber / Gherkin standard - with, Eliminate the need for Java Beans or helper code to represent payloads and HTTP end-points, and, Ideal for testing the highly dynamic responses from, Tests are super-readable - as scenario data can be expressed in-line, in human-friendly, Express expected results as readable, well-formed JSON or XML, and, Embedded JavaScript engine that allows you to build a library of, Re-use of payload-data and user-defined functions across tests is, Standard Java / Maven project structure, and, Reports include HTTP request and response, Easily invoke JDK classes, Java libraries, or re-use custom Java code if needed, for. You can experiment by using XPath snippets like the span/a seen above for even more narrowing down, but try to expand the scope modifier (the part within curly braces) only when you need to do de-duping in case the same user-facing text appears multiple times on a page. The key should not be within quotes. The $varName form is used on the right-hand-side of Karate expressions and is slightly different from pure JsonPath expressions which always begin with $. a JSON array). Since templates can be loaded using the classpath: prefix, you can even re-use templates across your projects via Java JAR files. You can easily assert that all expected elements are present, even in nested parts of your JSON - while doing a match on the full payload. All you need is available in the karate-core artifact. For completeness, the built-in tags are the following: There are two special tags that allow you to select or un-select a Scenario depending on the value of karate.env. Dont forget that Karates data-driven testing capabilities can loop over arrays of JSON objects automatically. a login flow) into a common feature that can be called from multiple test-scripts. Valid options are, Resemble option to ignore a specific color, Resemble option to override preset tolerances for color and brightness, SSIM grayscale algorithm. They seamlessly fit in-line within your test script. As a short-cut, when running JsonPath expressions - $ represents the response. You use the listen keyword (with a timeout) to wait until that event occurs. By now, it should be clear that JsonPath can be very useful for extracting JSON trees out of a given object. On the other hand, if you are expecting a variable in the Background to be modified by one Scenario so that later ones can see the updated value - that is not how you should think of them, and you should combine your flow into one scenario. The method signature of the assertTrue has flipped around a bit. For example, once you run the couple of Docker commands to get Zalenium running, you can do this: Note that you can add showDriverLog: true to the above for troubleshooting if needed. function(s) { If you have a custom implementation of a Target, you can easily construct any custom Java class and pass it to configure driverTarget. This is rarely used, unless you are expecting binary content returned by the server. And yes, relative paths will work. The value column can take expressions, even XML chunks. That said, if you want to stick to JavaScript, but find yourself accumulating a lot of helper functions that you need to use in multiple feature files, the following pattern is recommended. And each element of the returned array will be the envelope of variables that resulted from each iteration where the *.feature got invoked. Also note how you can wrap the LHS of the match in parentheses in the rare cases where the parser expects JsonPath by default. You can use karate.abort() like so: Using karate.abort() will not fail the test. path to file containing public and private keys for your client certificate. This will return all elements that match the locator as a list of Element instances. It will default to { browserName: '' } for convenience where will be chrome, firefox etc. Use either the param keyword, e.g. The first takes a single boolean argument - whether to accept or cancel. The @setup tag is built-in for this purpose and any Scenario tagged with this will behave like @ignore. Karate will scan the log for any string that starts with ws:// and kick things off from there. Other UI automation frameworks spend a lot of time encouraging you to follow a so-called Page Object Model for your tests. For a call (or callonce) - payload / data structures (JSON, XML, Map-like or List-like) variables are passed by reference which means that steps within the called feature can update or mutate them, for e.g. playwright) for the start scripts to live. For another example, see: examples.feature. Step 2: Add feature and scenario description. So you have the following type markers you can use instead of def (or the rarely used text). More examples are available that showcase various ways of parameter-izing and dynamically manipulating SOAP requests in a data-driven fashion. We can return JSON and even an image using a mock like this: Refer to the Karate test-doubles documentation for details. Any Karate expression can be used in the cell expression, and you can even use Java-interop to use external data-sources such as a database. sorts the list using the provided custom function called for each item in the list (and the optional second argument is the item index) e.g. And the JSON will still be well-formed, and editable in your IDE or text-editor. You end up with a decent approximation of BDD even though web-services by nature are headless, without a UI, and not really human-friendly. Karate is quite flexible, and provides multiple options for you to evolve patterns that fit your environment, as you can see here: xml.feature. Note the extra convenience where you dont have to enclose the LHS key in quotes. You may be able to turn this into a custom record-replay framework, or do other interesting things. var sdf = new SimpleDateFormat('yyyy/MM/dd'); You can get really creative and use JS functions to filter data for different needs. * match response contains only deep { foo, # and you can use 'contains' the way you'd expect, # some more examples of validation macros, # this is also possible, see the subtle difference from the above, """ Note the use of the JavaScript String.includes() function to do a text contains match for convenience. Refer to the demo karate-config.js for an example and how the demo.server.port system-property is set-up in the test runner: TestBase.java. Although it is just a few lines of code, take time to study the above example carefully. The Maven tradition is to have non-Java source files in a separate src/test/resources folder structure - but we recommend that you keep them side-by-side with your *.java files. While $ always refers to the JSON root, note the use of _$ above to represent the current node of a match each iteration. The last row in the table is a little different from the rest, and this short-cut form is the recommended way to validate the length of a JSON array. Refer to this example for more details: graphql.feature. And path blog?page=2. id: 1, """, # * match cat == { name: '#ignore', type: '#regex . There are 2 variants, one that takes an integer as the param, in which case the frame is selected based on the order of appearance in the page: Or you use a locator that points to the